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Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК

ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ

Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті

Шет тілдер кафедрасы

БЕКІТЕМІН

каф.меңгерушісі

­­­­­________Сарсембаева А.А

_____________________ж.

Automobile

An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.

The term motorcar has also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity railroad systems.

Most cars are designed to carry multiple occupants, often with four or five seats. Larger cars can often carry six, seven or more occupants depending in the internal arrange of seats. Sports cars are often designed with only two seats, and very occasionally three seats. The differing needs for passenger capacity and their luggage has resulted in a large variety of body styles to suit personal requirements such as the sedan/saloon, hatchback, station wagon/estate and Multi-Purpose Vehicle/Minivan.

1) Mark these statements T or F according to the information in the text.

  1. Motor car is a wheeled vehicle used for the transport of people rather than goods.

  2. Most cars are designed to carry more than one occupant.

  3. Locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by only interurban railroad systems.

  4. The term motorcar is synonymous to a car.

  5. Sports cars often carry multiple occupants.

2) Match heads and tails:

  1. An automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle

  1. run on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed for the transport of people rather than goods.

  1. There are a lot of body styles

  1. to suit personal requirements such as the sedan/saloon, hatchback, station wagon/estate and Multi-Purpose Vehicle/Minivan.

  1. The term motorcar

  1. six, seven or more occupants.

  1. Automobiles are designed to

  1. which also carries its own engine or motor.

  1. Larger cars can carry

  1. denotes a car which functions as a small locomotive.

3) Match these terms with their definitions:

1. motorcar

  1. a low, fast car, usually with room for only two people

2. occupant

  1. a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage

3. engine

  1. take or carry (people or goods) from one place to another by means of a vehicle

4. to transport

  1. the part that produces the power which makes the vehicle move

5. sports car

  1. a person who resides or is present in a house, vehicle

4) Fill in the gaps:

Most cars are designed to carry multiple __1___, often with four or five seats. Larger cars can often carry six, seven or more occupants depending in the internal arrange of seats. __2__are often designed with only two__3___, and very occasionally three seats. The differing needs for ___4___and their __5____has resulted in a large variety of body styles to suit personal requirements such as the sedan/saloon, hatchback, station wagon/estate and Multi-Purpose Vehicle/Minivan.

  1. occupants

  2. seats

  3. passenger capacity

  4. luggage

  5. sports cars

Құрастырушы

Оқытушы _________________________ Жамалиева А.А.

(қолы)

«Шет тілдері» кафедрасының отырысында қарастырылған және бекітілген.

Хаттама № _ ________________ ж.

Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК

ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ

Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті

Шет тілдер кафедрасы

БЕКІТЕМІН

каф.меңгерушісі

­­­­­________Сарсембаева А.А

_____________________ж.

Interior Accessories

Navigation aids, telema­tics equipment, audio system features, and the standard instruments are all fighting for space on the instrument panel (IP). This creates a challenge for interior designers and engineers who need to keep the IP simple so that the driver is not distracted by too many buttons and instruments. Customers also equate a spacious interior with luxury - another reason why the IP shouldn't look overcrowded.

Designers deal with the problem in various ways. They reduce the size of 'space-eaters' such as heating and cooling systems, or even remove them completely from the IP by putting them under the seat or in the boot. They also put many functions, such as station pre-set buttons for audio systems, on touch screens. Touch screens save space on the IP but there is still the danger of overcrowding the screen, which could distract the driver and thus cause an accident. Another problem is the position: the touch screen needs to be located high on the dashboard so that the driver can use it easily while driving. But if it is too high it can be hard to read because of reflections and the sun 'washing out' the screen.

Some engineers see voice recognition as a way to get rid of many manual controls and to simplify the IP. But voice recognition can also be overused. There needs to be an optimal balance between visual displays and voice instructions, so that the driver can deal safely with all the information he or she receives.

1) Mark these statements t or f according to the information in the text:

  1. Navigation aids, telema­tics equipment, audio system features, and the standard instruments are not on the instrument panel (IP).

  2. Customers equate a spacious interior with luxury.

  3. Designers do not reduce the size of 'space-eaters'.

  4. Designers put many functions, such as station pre-set buttons for audio systems, on touch screens.

  5. The touch screen needs to be located high on the dashboard so that the driver can use it easily while driving.

(1F 2T 3F 4T 5T)

2) Match heads and tails:

  1. Navigation aids, telema­tics equipment, audio system features, and the standard instruments

  1. another reason why the IP shouldn't look overcrowded.

  1. Customers also equate a spacious interior with luxury

  1. in various ways.

  1. Designers deal with the problem

  1. are all fighting for space on the instrument panel.

  1. They put many functions

  1. between visual displays and voice instructions.

  1. There needs to be an optimal balance

  1. on touch screens.

3) Match these terms with their definitions

  1. driver

  1. a toothed wheel that works with others to alter the relation between the speed of a driving mechanism (such as the engine of a vehicle) and the speed of the driven parts (the wheels)

  1. dashboard

  1. a panel in a vehicle with buttons and instruments

  1. screen

  1. the panel of a vehicle containing instruments and controls

  1. instrument panel

  1. a windscreen of a motor vehicle

  1. gear

  1. a person who drives a vehicle

4) Fill in the gaps

Navigation aids, telema­tics __1__, audio system features, and the standard instruments are all fighting for space on the __2__(IP). This creates a challenge for interior designers and engineers who need to keep the IP simple so that the driver is not distracted by too many __3__ and instruments. __4__also equate a spacious interior with luxury - another reason why the IP shouldn't look overcrowded. Designers __5__ with the problem in various ways.

  1. equipment

  2. customers

  3. instrument panel

  4. deal

  5. buttons

Құрастырушы

Оқытушы _________________________ Жамалиева А.А.

(қолы)

«Шет тілдері» кафедрасының отырысында қарастырылған және бекітілген.

Хаттама № _ ________________ ж.

Д.СЕРІКБАЕВ атындағы ШЫҒЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК

ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ

Ақпараттық технологиялар және энергетика факультеті

Шет тілдер кафедрасы

БЕКІТЕМІН

каф.меңгерушісі

­­­­­________Сарсембаева А.А

_____________________ж.

Engines

An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input.

A motor car (automobile) has a starter motor and motors to drive pumps (fuel, power steering, etc.) – but the power plant that propels the car is called an engine. The term 'motor' was originally used to distinguish the new internal combustion engine -powered vehicles from earlier vehicles powered by a steam engine.

In 1896, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first engine with horizontally-opposed pistons. His design created an engine in which the corresponding pistons move in horizontal cylinders and reach top dead center simultaneously, thus automatically balancing each other with respect to their individual momentums. Engines of this design are often referred to as flat engines because of their shape and lower profile.

Earlier automobile engine development produced a much larger range of engines than is in common use today. Engines have ranged from 1 to 16 cylinder designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, piston displacement, and cylinder bores. Four cylinders and power ratings from 19 to 120 hp (14 to 90 kW) were followed in a majority of the models. Several three-cylinder, two-stroke-cycle models were built while most engines had straight or in-line cylinders.

Continuance of the use of the internal combustion engine for automobiles is partly due to the improvement of engine control systems (onboard computers providing engine management processes, and electronically controlled fuel injection). Forced air induction by turbocharging and supercharging have increased power outputs and efficiencies available. Similar changes have been applied to smaller diesel engines giving them almost the same power characteristics as petrol engines. This is especially evident with the popularity of smaller diesel engine propelled cars in Europe.

Larger diesel engines are still often used in trucks and heavy machinery. They do not burn as clean as gasoline engines, however they have far more torque. The internal combustion engine was originally selected for the automobile due to its flexibility over a wide range of speeds. Also, the power developed for a given weight engine was reasonable; it could be produced by economical mass-production methods; and it used a readily available, moderately priced fuel - petrol.