The systems of a diesel engine

A diesel engine has four major system necessary for it to develop power and maintain a long useful life. They are the diesel air induction system, the fuel system, the cooling system and the lubrication system.

The function of the air system is to supply oxygen to the cylinder for the fuel to burn, and it must exhaust the gases that remain after combustion. The air system consists of two basic areas: the intake side and the discharge side.

The purpose of the diesel fuel system is to transmit fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, where it is injected into the cylinder combustion chamber to be burnt. The basic parts of a common diesel fuel system are the lines, tank, transfer pump, filters, injection pump and injection nozzles.

The fuel system performs the following specific functions: supplies clean fuel to the engine, meters the correct amount of fuel, times the injection, injects, atomizes and distributes fuel into the combustion chamber, controls the engine speed.

The cooling system of a diesel engine prevents engine overheating and regulates engine temperature. The functions of the cooling system is as follows: to remove excessive heat, to prevent overcooling and to maintain a constant engine operating temperature.

There are two primary types of cooling systems for diesel engines: air-cooling and liquid-cooling. Temperature control is a primarily the function of the thermostat.

The lubrication system in the modern diesel engine performs the following functions: reduces shocks, reduces wear, reduces friction, seals compression, provides some cleaning, helps cool the engine, quiets the engine operation.

There are three basic types of lubrication systems used in internal combustion engines: splash, pressure and splash, full pressure.

Answer these questions:

a)

1. Какую функцию выполняет система впуска воздуха?

2. Каково назначение топливной системы дизельного двигателя?

3. Какую функцию выполняет система охлаждения?

4. Для какой цели необходима система смазки?

b)

1. How many systems does a diesel engine have?

2. What is the function of the air system?

3. What are the two basic areas of the air system?

4. What is the purpose of the diesel fuel system?

5. What functions does the fuel system perform?

6. What are the functions of the cooling system?

7. What functions does the lubrication system perform?

8. What are the basic types of the diesel lubrication system?

Read Text 6 and translate it into Russian. Make up your own Vocabulary. Try to memorize the main terms.

Text 6

What is a farm tractor?

Diesel-powered tractors are widely used in agriculture as a source of mobile power. They find their use in a wide variety of farm jobs such as plowing, disking, planting, cultivating, fertilizing, harvesting, transport works and running machinery off the PTO shaft.

According to the work that the farm tractor is designed to perform, it is provided with such features which enable it to perform the particular work with the highest efficiency.

To make a farm tractor that would perform all the works with the same efficiency and economy is impossible because farming conditions and requirements are very different in different regions. As a result there are many types and kinds of tractors from which to make a selection.

Farm tractors include general purpose tractors designed for trailing farm machinery and implement, utility tractors, which are suitable for most all farm work, row-crop tractors for cultivating row crops and garden (orchard) tractors for work in gardens or orchards.

As to the design of the driver the tractors may belong either to wheeled-type tractors or to track-laying type, often called crawlers.

Today’s tractors are powerful, sophisticated machines. Equipped with a vast array of hi-tech features, including satellite navigation, high-capacity hydraulics, powershift transmissions and vibration-insulating cabs, they are designed to meet the ever-increasing demands of intensive modern agriculture.

Answer these questions:

а)

1. Для выполнения каких работ могут быть использованы тракторы?

2. Как называются основные типы сельскохозяйственных тракторов?

3. Какие типы движителей Вы можете назвать?

b)

1. Where do farm tractors find their use?

2. What are the types of farm tractors?

3. What design may the driver of a tractor have?

4. How do today’s tractors differ from their earlier predecessors?

Read Text 7 and translate it into Russian. Make up your own Vocabulary. Try to memorize the main terms.

Text 7