Б) Некатегоричні модуляції англомовного наукового письма

1. Лексичні одиниці зі значенням "приблизності" типу approximately, nearly, almost, closely, enough, rather, roughly, barely:

This definition is almost perfect to give the reader any positive indication of the fundamental principles of the subject.

2. Стилістичний прийом «подвійне заперечення» типу not unproductive / unproblematic / unlikely тощо, як у:

This approach, however, is not unproductive in this article.

3. Модальні дієслова зі значенням імовірності типу perhaps, possibly, presumably, probably, apparently тощо реалізують певний ступінь авторського сумніву:

Perhaps, then, there is little justification for the study of word-formation as a self-contained topic.

4. Прикметники з епістемічним значенням сумніву:

Dinosaurs died out due to sudden climatic changes. =>

It is doubt

5.

It is doubtful

It is unlikely Прикметники

that dinosaurs died out due to sudden climatic changes.

з епістемічним значенням можливості:

Dinosaurs died out due to sudden climatic changes. =>

It is certain

It is probable that dinosaurs died out due to sudden climatic changes.

It is possible

It is likely

6. Модальні дієслова зі значенням можливості can (could), may (might):

Continuum thermodynamics of solids, fluids, and mixtures forms a powerful tool for many unsolved problems. =>

Continuum thermodynamics of solids, fluids, and mixtures could/may form a powerful tool for many unsolved problems.

7. Прислівники зі значенням упевненості та можливості

dinosaurs died out due to sudden climatic changes.

Definitely Undoubtedly

Probably

Possibly Presumably

7. Дієслова з епістемічним значенням допущення та похідні іменники – thought, belief assumption, supposition:

Social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values. . =>

that social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values.

It seems / appears

It would seem /appear

I think /believe

I assume / consider

I (pre)suppose

9. Дієслова з епістемічним значенням гіпотетичності - suggest, propose, hypothesis, speculate та похідні іменники - hypothesis, speculation, theory:

I suggest/ propose

I hypothesise that social scientists often serve contradictory

/ speculate political and scientific values.

10. Дієслова з епістемічним значенням прогнозування - anticipate, predict, expect, suspect та похідні іменники – anticipation, prediction, expectation:

that social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values.

I predict

I expect

I suspect

11. Кількісні слова:

A majority of social scientists often serves contradictory political and scientific values. A large number of social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values. Social scientists of many countries often serve contradictory political and scientific values. Some social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values. A few social scientists often serve contradictory political and scientific values.