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Контрольная работа

вариант 1

1. Choose the right tense.

1. Water boils/is boiling at 100'C.

2. When do you get /are you getting up?

3. We have/are having English classes every day?

4. “Do you wear/are you wearing a new hat?” “Yes, do you like/are you liking it?”

5. “Look! She comes/is coming."

6. “Where is Paul?” “He plays/is playing football with Derek.”

7. “Where is mum?” “She is in the bathroom. She does/is doing the laundry.”

8. “I go/am going to visit Laura tonight. She leaves/is leaving to New York in the morning.” When does she come/is she coming back?” “I don’t know.”

9. We spend/are spending holidays in Spain.

10. Laura usually goes/is going to school by bus, but today her mum drives/is driving her to school.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

TAXI

Captain Ben Fawcett 0 has bought (buy) an unusual taxi and 1 (begin)

a new service. The ‘taxi’ is a small Swiss aeroplane called a ‘Pilatus Patter,’ This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field.

Captain’s Fawcett’s first passenger 2 (be) a doctor who 3 (fly)

from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain

Fawcett 4 (fly) passengers to many unusual places. Once he 5

(land) on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he 6 (land)

in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett 7 (just/refuse) a strange request

from a businessman. The man 8 (want) to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in

the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett 9 (not/take) him because the trip

10. (be) too dangerous.

3. Match the two parts of the sentences.

1. When my father retired ...

2. You were very busy ...

3. I’m glad to see you ...

4. I didn’t see her ...

5. Helen gave me her new book but ...

6. He nodded ...

7. She has not been out since ...

8. We saw them ...

9. I can’t go to the pictures because ...

10. I haven’t been to Moscow since...

1. ... she bought the VCR.

2. ... I’ve heard much about you.

3. ... I haven’t done my homework yet.

4. ... when I was in London.

5. ... at Mariinski Theatre on Sunday.

6. ... we went to live in a little town.

7. ... I haven’t had a chance to read it.

8. ... and went upstairs.

9. ... we came to St Petersburg.

j. ... when I saw you two days ago.

4. Fill in the blanks with must or have to.

1. You read this book, it’s great.

2. She felt unwell and leave early.

3. I hadn’t enough cash and I pay by cheque.

4. You do what mother says.

5. British pupils stay at school till the age of 16.

6. I was lost and ask the policeman the way.

7. The buses were all full; I get a taxi!

8. The chambermaids usually do a lot of work.

9. It is very slippery outside; it have snowed in the night.

10. I leave home at 7 a.m. not to be late for my job.

5. Choose the right articles.

1. Jack is editor of university newspaper.

1. an, a b. the, the c. the, -

2. You are right. food here could be better.

1. A b. - c. The

3. Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to United

States.

1. The, the, the b. The, - , the c. - , - , the

4. Lake Erie is one of five Great Lakes in North America.

1. The, the, the b. - , - , - c. - , the, -

5. Queen Elizabeth II is monarch of Great Britain.

1. - , the, - b. The, the, the c. - , - , -

6. Write the plurals of the words in brackets to fill in the blanks.

1. They caught a lot of (fish) yesterday.

2. Would you pass me the and (fork, knife).

3. Split this apple in (half).

4. She is fond of collecting (cactus).

5. I’m fond of visiting (disco).

7. Make up sentences.

1. was/green/She/beautiful/wearing/a/suit

2. smoker/very/is/He/heavy/a

3. ask/weekly/payment/He/large/receives/a

4. hard/in/been/I/office/my/working

5. bought/a/chair/I/lovely/garden/comfortable

8. Make questions from the following words.

1. are/film/see/going/What/you/to

2. go/me/alone/Why/out/you/and/don’t/leave

3. main/like/does/What/look/actress/like

4. I/to/if/Why/music/to/listen/I/want/shouldn’t

5. of/daily/television/routine/part/Is/your

9. Write questions to which the underlined words are the answers.

1. New York is very far from London.

2. It took Lucy two hours to write a composition.

3. Something happened last night.

4. Alice went shopping yesterday.

5. His daughter is ten years old.

10. Read the text and answer the questions. Translate the text.

When a name can cost up to $100,000

He’s not a doctor or even a marketing specialist. But when a pharmaceuticals firm wants to launch a drug, James Dettore often tops the list of people to contact. Dettore, president of the Miami-based Brand Institute, charges companies such as Smith-Kline Beecham $100,000 a time to perfect something that is becoming as crucial to a drug’s success as its clinical effectiveness: its name.

Naming used to be a straightforward undertaking - aspirin was so called because it consisted of acetylsalicylic acid based on extracts from the spirea plant - but now the naming of drugs has ballooned into a multimillion-dollar industry.

New drugs receive a generic name, subject to approval by the World Health Organisation, but it is in choosing the trade name that naming consultants come into their own.

The process begins with brainstorming sessions among pharmacists, physicians and consumers, says Dettore. There are some basic rules at Brand Institute: the perfect name is held to consist of 10 letters or fewer, and no more than three syllables.

But much depends on fashion. Where once drugs companies chose names that blind­ed the public with science, now there has been a shift in the direction of airy, abstract names embodying hope, wellness and the promise of transformation.

Some drugs make hold claims for their own efficacy. Zyban, an antidepressant aimed at those trying to quit smoking, implies that it will “ban” their habits. Some seek out favourable euphonic associations, as in the vigour and virility of Viagra. And that upbeat prefix “pro” never goes amiss: “There are more than 4,000 ‘pro’ prefix names in the various registries,” Dettore says.

Pharmaceuticals firms often opt for names beginning with A so that they are placed near the beginning of drugs formularies. Others piggyback on existing brands by borrowing parts of their names. Abbot Laboratories’ Aids drug Norvir has echoes of Glaxo’s AZT brand Retrovir.

Devising an evocative name is only the first hurdle. Once it has been formulated, lingists check that names are pronounceable worldwide and don’t have obscene or embarrassing meanings in other languages.

The costliest part of the exercise involves hiring armies of lawyers to sift through trademark registries and medical regulations to ensure the name does not contravene consumer legislation or infringe existing marks - of which there are more than lm in the European Union.

Choosing a name similar to an existing one can cause trouble. Confusion between Merck’s gastrointestinal drug Losec and the antihypertension treatment Lasix prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to order Merck to change it to Prilosec. The FDA also scuppered Pharmacia and Upjohn’s plans to market its baldness treatment as Regaine, on the basis that it didn’t stimulate permanent hair regrowth.

“Naming is becoming more and more complicated,” says Dettore with a hint of worry. “People are saying we might even run out of names.”

Oliver Burkeman

(2521)

1. Choose the correct ending to these sentences.

1. The Brand Institute in Miami:

1. develops new pharmaceutical products

2. creates names for new drugs

3. makes sure that new drugs are clinically effective

4. markets new drugs

2. Nowadays the development of drug trade names:

1. is simple and straightforward

2. is done by pharmacists

3. is done by the World Health Organisation

4. has grown into a big industry

3. At the moment, the ideal name for a new drug:

1. has more than 10 letters

2. is abstract with the promise of future health

3. has only two syllables

4. is long and scientific

4. Linguists check that names:

1. don’t have negative meanings in other languages

2. are simple to pronounce for English speakers

3. aren’t existing trademarks in other countries

4. are easy to spell for all nationalities

5. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can order the change of a drug name if it: .

1. has an embarrassing meaning in another language

2. sounds like a type of food or drink

3. is similar to the name of another drug

4. is too long and complicated

2. Answer these questions.

1. What is James Dettore’s job?

2. How does the process of choosing a drug name start?

3. What sort of drug is Zyban? Why was the name chosen?

4. Why do many drugs begin with the letter “A”?

5. What is James Dettore worried about in the future?

3. Look at the use of articles in the first two sentences of the text. Complete the sentences below with a, the, or no article (-).

1. In United States companies can pay up to $100,000 for name of

new drug.

2. names of all new drugs need to be approved by World Health

Organisation. .

3. Although James Dettore isn’t lawyer, he understands most of laws

that regulate brand names.

4. president of company decided to move pharmaceuticals division

to California.

5. They couldn’t use name Zyglorifilt because it was difficult for Italian

speakers to pronounce.

6. After brainstorming hundreds of ideas they decided to take break.