8.5 Find English equivalents to the following Russian word combinations:

1. строительная площадка 1. diverse properties

2. успешно используются 2. tensile stress

3. растягивающее напряжение 3. properties of the materials

4. свойства материалов 4. construction site

5. прочность на сжатие 5. depending on application

6. в зависимости от применения 6. pleasing appearance

7. приятный внешний вид 7. mechanical properties

8. разнообразные свойства 8. wide application

9. широкое применение 9. compressive strength

10. простой кирпич 10. are advantageously utilized

11. механические свойства 11. ordinary brick

8.9 Give a summary of the text.

BRICK

9.1 Learn the following words:

brick [ ] -кирпич

clay [ ] -глина

mortar [ ] -известковый раствор

sawdust [ ] -опилки

composition [ ] -состав

shape [ ] – форма

to enable [ ] – давать возможность

to grip [ ] - сжимать, схватывать

bricklayer [ ] -каменщик

surface [ ] -поверхность

3. Read and translate the text: brick

A brick is best described as "a building unit". It may be made of burnt clay, of concrete, of mortar or of a composition of sawdust and other materials; in shape it is a rectangular solid and its weight is from 61/2 to 9lb.

The shape and convenient size of a brick enables a man to grip it with an easy confidence and, because of this, brick- building has been popular for many hundreds of years. The hand of the average man is large enough to take a brick and he is able to handle more then 500 bricks in an eight- hour working day.

It is necessary, therefore, for the “would- be” bricklayer to practice handling a brick until he can control it with complete mastery and until he is able to place it into any desired position.

By placing the hand over the surface of the upper part of a brick and by placing the thumb centrally down the face of the brick with the first joints of the fingers on the opposite face, the brick may be securely handled.

It is necessary to protect the thumb and the fingers with leather pads which also prevent the skin from rough bricks.

9. 7 Give a summary of the text.

CONCRETE

The concrete used in prestressed work is usually called high-strength concrete to distinguish it from the ordinary strength concrete used in normal reinforced work. A cube crushing strength of 4,500 1b per sq in at 28 days would be reasonable minimum requirements. A prestressed member will not normally be removed from its casting bed until af­ter the prestress has been applied. This means that for economical operation the concrete must gain sufficient strength to allow the prestressing to be done as early as possible, so a high early strength is very often an important requirement. Rapid hardening cements are often used for this purpose.

High early strengths can also be induced by a curing (вы­держка бетона) process known as steam curing. This is es­sentially a factory operation and involves curing the cast concrete in a chamber-containing steam at certain tempera­tures. The rate of gain of strength can be increased consider­ably by steam curing, the rate depending largely on the tem­perature.

prestressed - предварительно напряжённый

induce - вызывать (какое-либо явление)

casting bed - стенд для изготовления сборных бетонных и железобетонных конструкций, форма для разливки металла

early strength - быстрое схватывание, быстрое твердение (бетона или цемента)

cast concrete - литой бетон

crushing strength - прочность при раздавливании, сжатии