Industrialized methods and prefabrication systems

7.1 Learn the following words:

to reduce [ ] -уменьшать, понижать

to believe [ ] -верить, думать, полагать

to substitute [ ] -заменять

to enable [ ] -давать возможность

to apply [ ] -применять

technique [ ] -техника, способ

volume [ ] -объем

output [ ] -продукция, выпуск, производительность

manufacture [ ] -изготовление, производство

productivity [ ] -производительность

assembly [ ] -сборка, монтаж

complete [ ] -весь, полный

component [ ] -составляющая элемент

7.3Read and translate the text:

Industrialized methods and prefabrication systems

The need for buildings of all kinds is great and in many cases urgent. Perhaps the most urgently required buildings are houses, hospitals and schools, but the need for more factories, power stations and recreational buildings is also great.

An increase in the volume of buildings can only be achieved by greater productivity. Among the most important economic results of this could be much faster building.

Greater output and faster building can be achieved by the introduction of the extensive employment of industrial mass production methods on the site, and by the manufacture of lager components in the factory with a large degree of preassembly, so as to reduce site work – where conditions are often difficult – to a minimum.

A great deal is known about industrialized building achieving increased output. But what is really meant by "industrialized building"?

Some consider prefabrication to be the main factor in industrialized building. To say that basically industrialized building is prefabrication and mass production is limiting its application, for it is believed to be more than that.

It goes without saying that to industrialize building is not simply to substitute prefabrication for traditional methods. It is a convenient shorthand for the wide variety of techniques which enable modern industrials methods to be applied to building. It embraces the organization of work programming, design, and execution as well as the factory production of complete dwellings and dwelling parts, and includes the increased use of standardized or prefabricated components.

7.8 Find English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:

во многих случаях; предварительная сборка; много; само собой разумеется; методы и приемы; а также; жилище; сборные элементы.

7.9 Give a translation of the following using the words of the text:

Большие объемы строительных работ требуют применения индустриальных методов. Индустриальные методы в значительной степени увеличивают производительность, а также ускоряют и удешевляют строительство. Само собой разумеется, что собрать дом из сборных конструкций на строительной площадке гораздо быстрее и экономичнее, чем при помощи традиционных методов. Замена естественных материалов искусственными, как полагают, даст возможность еще больше удешевить производство. Правильное планирование, организация работ и стандартизация являются необходимым условием современной индустриализации строительства.