Unit 12 patent description translation detailed description of the invention

Вправа 1. Прочитайте про особливості перекладу повного опису найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу (Detailed Description of the Invention), а потім переходьте до виконання завдань.

Переклад повного опису найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу

Заголовок “Переклад повного опису найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу” англійською мовою зазвичай передається як Detailed Description of the Invention, Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment, Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention або просто Detailed Description.

Викладу повного опису найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу може передувати узагальнююча фраза, в якій автор пояснює мету такого викладу, наприклад, The following describes, with reference to the attached drawings, and for illustration purposes only, various exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present invention (Зміст, поданий далі, пояснює, з посиланням на додані креслення, і лише з метою ілюстрації, різні варіанти застосування даного винаходу). Потім подаються згадані варіанти, які можуть нумеруватися (наприклад, Embodiment 1- Варіант 1) або просто перелічуватися.

Виклад варіантів може завершуватися фразою, в якій автор намагається забезпечити максимально широке покриття інших, не перелічених у переліку, але можливих варіантів винаходу. Наприклад, While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretations and equivalent arrangements (Хоча даний винахід описаний тут з точки зору найбільш практичного та найкращого варіанту його застосування, слід розуміти, що його застосування не обмежується наведеним тут варіантом, а поширюються на інші різноманітні варіанти, що здійснюються відповідно до духу й обсягу найширшого тлумачення винаходу та еквівалентних варіантів його застосування).

В патентах, що стосуються складу речовини, наприклад, в патенті на на губну помаду (High Gloss Gel-Based Lipstick), який розглядався у попередньому уроці (Unit 11), варіантами застосування винаходу є різний склад препаратів, наприклад, Preparation Example 1 (варіант реалізації препарату №1).

Найскладнішою є структура повного опису найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу в патентах на сорт до семи пунктів, які, у свою чергу, можуть ділитися на підпункти. Послідовність та зміст згаданих пунктів і підпунктів подана далі. Пункт 1: Визначення характеристик рослини (Definitions of Plant Characteristics); пункт 2: Інші визначення (Other Definitions); пункт 3 (Виведений сорт – Inbred Plant) ділиться на підпункти: А – Походження та історія виведення – Origin and Breeding History; В. Феонотипний опис (сукупність усіх ознак і властивостей організму, що сформувалися внаслідок його розвитку) – Phenotypic Description; С – Депозитна інформація (Deposit Information). Особи, що подали заявку на патент на сорт, мають депозитувати (здати на зберігання) насіння до депозитарію (сховища) (Depository), що знаходиться в структурі Американського фонду сортів рослинних культур (American Type Culture Collection – ATCC). Депозиту присвоюється номер допуску в рамках ATCC, наприклад, ATCC Accession No. PTA-8771, а реальний доступ до нього має лише обмежене коло осіб, Спеціальний уповноважений Бюро патентів та торговельних марок США (Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks) та призначені ним особи. Насіння зберігається у сховищі протягом, як мінімум, 30 років, а всі питання, пов’язані з його зберіганням регулюються Актом про захист сортів рослинних культур (Plant Variety Protection Act). Пункт 4 називається “Інші варіантів застосування винаходу” (Further Embodiments of the Invention) і може включати до 8 підпунктів, наприклад, A – Стерильність чоловічих елементів (Male Sterility); B – Стійкість до гербіцидів (Herbicide Resistance); C – Воскоподібний крохмал (Waxy Starch); D – Стійкість до захворювань (Disease Resistance); E – Стійкість до комах (Insect Resistance); F – Метаболізм (перетворення речовин та енергії) рослинний, вуглеводневий та модифікованих жирних кислот (Modified Fatty Acid, Phytate and Carbohydrate Metabolism); G – Походження та історія виведення нової ознаки рослини (Origin and Breeding History of an Exemplary Introduced Trait); H – Модельні процедури для виведення нової ознаки рослини (Illustrative Procedures for Introduction of a Desired Trait). Пункт 5 йменується “Культура кліток тканин та лабораторна регенерація рослин (Tissue Cultures and In Vitro Regeneration of Plants). Пункт 6 (Процедура створення рослин та рослин, що виведені інаслідок схрещування – Processes of Preparing Plants and the Plants Produced by Such Crosses) має 4 підпункти: A – Виведення гібридних рослин та насіння (Hybrid Plant and Seed Production); B – Виведення різних видів даного сорту (Development of Plant Varieties); C – Порівняння гібридів (Hybrid Comparisons); D – Опис фізичних характеристик гібридів (Physical Description of Hybrids). Пункт 7 називається Генетичні додатки (Genetic Complements).

Патенти на склад речовини та на сорт бувають насиченими назвами речовин, не всі з яких фіксуються у словниках. У таких випадках перекладачі транслітерують відповідну назву, а в дужках дають її мовою оригіналу, наприклад, Арабідопсіс та ліана (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Вправа 2. Прекладіть письмово повний опис найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу, поданий далі.

N APKIN HOLDER

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a napkin holder according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a napkin holder 200 includes a neck band 230 made of elastic material and the neck band 230 has two fixing holes 260 formed in a shape of a slit at its both end portions. The neck band 230 is wearable around a neck and its end portions approach adjacent to the chest when a user puts it 230 on around the neck. So, the fixing holes 260 are positioned adjacent to the chest or below the jaw to hold a napkin, a bib or a towel. When the user inserts a napkin partially into the fixing hole 260, the fixing hole 260 can hold the inserted portion of the napkin and the neck band 230 can temporarily grip the napkin or the likes.

The neck band 230 made of elastic material like silicone is light weight and repeatedly reusable for a long time, such that the napkin holder 200 has many economical advantages. The neck band 230 may be formed using plastics like soft PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride), synthetic resins like silicone or natural polymers. The materials, such as soft PVC, silicone or natural polymers, are profitable to manufacturers and consumers, because the materials are already in use in various industrial fields. As shown in FIG. 1, the end portions of the neck band 230 can hold a napkin, a bib or a towel using the fixing holes 260. To fix a napkin to the neck band 230, a user takes a napkin, inserts a portion of the napkin into the fixing hole 260 with his/her finger, and pulls out the inserted finger from the fixing hole 260 to leave the napkin. Specifically, the user can fix the napkin to the napkin holder easily by simple actions of inserting and pulling out a finger.

Since elasticity of the neck band 230 acts, the fixing hole 260 can grasp a napkin, bib, or towel easily and safely, even if the napkin, bib or towel is made of heavy fabrics or gets soiled by food or others. Referring again to FIG. 1, the fixing holes 260 are formed at both end portions of the neck band 230. Six of the slits are formed radially extending from the center of the fixing hole 260, to provide a fixing hole in a shape of an asterisk. Otherwise, the number of slits or shape thereof may be variously selected.

The number of slits or the position thereof may be modified according to the material of the napkin holder and the kind of the napkin. Although a large number of slits or soft material of slits let a finger and a napkin pass the fixing hole smoothly, they may weaken holding force. FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views illustrating a process to fix a napkin to the napkin holder. Referring to FIG. 2, a user can insert a napkin 210 partially into the fixing hole 260 using a finger. The fixing hole 260 is composed of six slits radially extending from its center. When the fixing hole 260 is pushed with a finger, the fixing pieces 240 formed around the fixing hole 260 are bended and the napkin 210 partially passes the fixing hole 260. After the finger is pulled out of the fixing hole 260, the fixing pieces 240 recover to their initial state to fix the napkin 210. The napkin 210 is fixed to the fixing pieces 240 using friction force or restoring force.

Referring to FIG. 3, the napkin 210 is held to the neck band 230 by the fixing hole 260. The user can insert the napkin 210 into the fixing hole 260 from outside, or can insert the napkin 210 thereinto 260 from inside.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a napkin holder according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, a napkin holder 300 according to the second embodiment includes a neck band 330, and circular fixing holes 360 are provided at both end portions of the neck band 330. The fixing hole 360 is used to temporarily fix a napkin, a bib and likes, into which the napkin is partially inserted to be fixed.

When a user inserts a portion of the napkin into the fixing hole 360 using his/her finger, the elastic fixing hole 360 is partially transformed to pass the napkin and the finger. In case that the finger comes out of the fixing hole 360, the fixing hole 360 is restored to the initial status again to fix the napkin remaining in the fixing hole 360. Additionally, since the napkin made of paper or fabrics has some restoring force and friction force in itself, the napkin can be fixed in the fixing hole 360 for itself.

In case of using the circular fixing hole 360, the size of the fixing hole 360 should be big enough for user to insert the finger and the napkin into the fixing hole 360. Otherwise, the fixing hole 360 may be formed in a shape of oval or polygon.

Embodiment 3

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a napkin holder according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, a napkin holder 400 according to the third embodiment also includes a neck band 430. Fixing holes 460 are formed in a shape of W-shape or teeth and positioned at both end portions of the neck band 430. A fixing hole may be composed of one or more V-shaped slits. According to the present embodiment, V-shaped slits are successively connected to form the fixing hole 460 which is in a shape of alphabet "W" or teeth.

A user can insert the napkin or the likes into the fixing hole 460 using a finger. The fixing hole 460 defined by a zigzag slit is W-shaped or teeth-shaped. Fixing pieces 440 are provided by the zigzag slit around the fixing hole 460, and the fixing pieces 440 are partially bended to let a finger and a napkin pass the fixing hole 460. When taking off the finger from the fixing hole 460, the fixing pieces 440 are restored to the initial status to hold the napkin.

Вправа 3. Разом з викладачем проаналізуйте переклади усіх студентів в групі з обґрунтуванням застосованих способів перекладу та перекладацьких трансформацій. Складіть найоптимальніший варіант перекладу з найбільш вдалих його варіантів.

В права 4 Прекладіть письмово повний опис найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу, поданий далі.

FOLDING SERVING TRAY

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring on occasion to all of the drawings and now, in particular, alternately to both FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is shown, a folding serving tray, identified in general by the reference numeral 10.

The folding serving tray 10 includes a center panel 12, an upright first panel 14, an upright second panel 16, an upright third panel 18, and an upright fourth panel 20. The first, second, third, and fourth panels 14, 16, 18, 20, are disposed at an angle with respect to the center panel 12 when the folding serving tray 10 is assembled for use.

The preferred angle for the first, second, and third panels 14, 16, 18 is ninety degrees and for the fourth panel 20 is less than ninety degrees, measuring up to it from an extended plane 12a of the center panel 12 (see FIG. 2). Of course, if desired, any of the angles could be modified.

The center panel 12 extends out beyond the second panel 16, when assembled, and includes a main portion of a beverage extension section 12b of the center panel 12.

The first panel 14 includes a first thumbhole 22 and the third panel 18, which when assembled is opposite the first panel 14 and parallel thereto, includes a second thumbhole 24. The first and second thumbholes 22, 24 include a common center axis when the folding serving tray 10 is assembled. The first and second thumbholes 22, 24 are also disposed substantially closer to the second panel 16 than to the fourth panel 20, when the folding serving tray 10 is assembled. This position is selected to provide an average center of gravity location.

If the user is right handed, a thumb (not shown) of the right hand passes through the second thumbhole 24 entering from the outside of the third panel 18. A palm of the right hand (not shown) passes under the center panel 12 underneath the second thumbhole 24.

This location is optimally stable for all variations. If a beverage and typical food items are included it, on average, approximates the location of the center of gravity of the loaded folding serving tray 10 making carrying it as easy and safe as possible. If a beverage and no food items are placed in the folding serving tray 10, this location still affords excellent control as it does if food items and no beverage are placed in the folding serving tray 10.

If the user is left handed the process is reversed. A thumb (not shown) of the left hand passes through the first thumbhole 22 entering from the outside of the first panel 14. A palm of the left hand (not shown) passes under the center panel 12 underneath the first thumbhole 22. If a user wished to attain maximum stability, both hands could be simultaneously used to carry the folding serving tray 10 in front of the user's torso. However, this is seldom expected to occur. Rather, an unused one of the two thumbholes 22, 24 is expected to receive a napkin 26 (shown in dashed lines in the first thumbhole 22, FIG. 1).

The beverage extension section 12b includes a first slot 28 and a second slot 30 that are cut out during manufacture. More slots (not shown) could of course be added, if desired. The slots 28, 30 are intended to receive a handle end of a fork 28a and a spoon 30a or other eating utensil, as desired. Typically, the fork 28a and the spoon 30a will be disposable plastic ones, although this is not required.

If additional slots are also included, they preferably are not to be included along the same line as are the first and second slots 28, 30 located because it is not desirable to provide a line of weakness. If desired, the first and second slots 28, 30 can also be offset slightly so that they do not share a common longitudinal axis.

The beverage extension section 12b includes a larger beverage opening 32 that is preferably circular. A beverage support panel 34 is attached to a first end of a first beverage support arm 36 on one side thereof and to a first end of a second beverage support arm 38 on a remaining side thereof. An opposite end of the first and second beverage support arms 36, 38 is attached to the beverage extension section 12b.

Referring in particular now to FIG. 2, a can of soda 40 is placed in the beverage opening 32 with a bottom end of the can of soda 40 in dashed lines resting flat on top of the beverage support panel 34. The diameter of the can of soda 40 is less than that of the beverage opening 32. Were it not for the beverage support panel 34, the can of soda 40 would fall through to the ground.

A tapered beverage cup 42, for example a Styrofoam cup of coffee, in dashed lines is also shown as an alternative beverage and container for the beverage that are suitable for use with the folding serving tray 10.

The tapered beverage cup is substantially frusta-conical in shape and it is inserted into the beverage opening 32 until its outside diameter equals that of the beverage opening 32. A friction fit then occurs to secure the tapered cup 42 in place.

The weight of the beverage 40, 42 is substantial. It is difficult for any type of a folding tray to support such weight. The folding serving tray 10 includes two features that easily permit it to support the weight of the beverage 40, 42.

The third panel 18 includes a gusset panel 44 that extends beyond the second panel 16 when the folding serving tray 10 is assembled. The gusset panel 44 provides a reinforcing member that extends from a top of the third panel 18, a side panel that is in alignment with the gusset panel 44, to one side of the beverage extension section 12b. The main portion of the beverage extension section 12b extends out away from the second panel to about a center line 32a of the beverage opening 32 where the beverage extension section 12b is attached.

A minor portion 12c of the beverage extension section 12b extends beyond the center of the beverage opening 32 to provide a containment ring for the beverage 40, 42. The minor portion 12c of the beverage extension section 12b experiences little force other than to keep the top of the beverage 40, 42 from tilting outward and spilling.

The gusset panel 44 is preferably attached to the beverage extension section 12b along its entire length. As the beverage extension section 12b exerts a force, under weight of the beverage 40, 42, that attempts to lower the beverage extension section 12b, the gusset panel 44 conveys this force up to the third panel 18. The material that is used to form the folding serving tray 10 has good tensile strength and therefore is easily able to resist extension and bear the weight of the beverage 40, 42. It is noted that the folding serving tray 10 is formed of any desired material that is substantially planar. Cardboard and fiberboard are preferred materials because they are strong, lightweight, and inexpensive. A material having the stiffness of a good quality paper plate or better is preferred.

If desired, plastics and other materials could be used. For certain applications, the folding serving tray 10 may be cleaned and reused. A higher quality material, for example a durable plastic, may then be used. One such possible application is for home party use. Several of the folding serving trays 10 are used for picnics, birthday parties, and the like. Afterwards, they are washed and disassembled so that they are again flat. Then they are stored flat, ready for the next party or picnic.

The second support mentioned earlier that helps to retain the beverage 40, 42 is described in greater detail hereinafter.

The invention has been shown, described, and illustrated in substantial detail with reference to the presently preferred embodiment. It will be understood by those skilled in this art that other and further changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined by the claims appended hereto

Вправа 5. Разом з викладачем проаналізуйте переклади усіх студентів в групі з обґрунтуванням застосованих способів перекладу та перекладацьких трансформацій. Складіть найоптимальніший варіант перекладу з найбільш вдалих його варіантів.

Вправа 6 Прекладіть письмово повний опис найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу, поданий далі.

TREATING METHOD FOR SUPPRESSING HAIR GROWTH

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Examples of the plant belonging to the family of Juniperus and usable in the present invention include Juniperus communis, Juniperus virginiana L., Juniperus morrisonicola Hayata and Juniperus formosana Hayata. Of these, Juniperus communis and Juniperus virginiana L. are particularly preferred. These plants of the family of Juniperus are preferably extracted at the leave or fruit portion thereof.

As a malt, that of wheat, barley, rye or oats is used.

The term "extract of a plant" as used herein means a solvent extract available by extracting the above-described portion of the plant in a solvent or through an extracting device such as Soxhlet extractor, or its dilute solution, concentrate or dry powder.

Examples of the solvent used for extraction include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, polyhydric alcohols such as polypropylene glycol and butylene glycol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, linear or cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, and pyridines. They may be used either singly or in combination.

From the above-described extract, inactive impurities can be removed by a technique such as liquid-liquid partition or solvent-adding precipitation. In the present invention, it is preferred to use such a purified extract. If necessary, the extract may be used after deodorization or decoloring in a known manner.

Although there is no particular limitation imposed on the form of the hair growth suppressing composition of the present invention, it is preferred to formulate it as a hair-removing, depilatory or shaving cosmetic composition. Specific-examples of such a cosmetic composition include hair removers in the form of a paste, cream or aerosol, depilatories in the form of a wax, jelly or sheet, agents in the form of a lotion or cream used for treatment after hair removal or depilation, pre-shaving agents such as pre-shaving lotion, shaving agents such as shaving cream, and after-shaving agents such as after-shaving lotion.

The above-described effective component is preferably contained in the hair growth inhibiting composition of the present invention in an amount of 0.00001 to 50 wt. %, particularly 0.0001 to 10 wt. %, as a dry solids content, from the viewpoints of the hair growth inhibitory effects and economy. In the present invention, it is possible to use, together with the component (A), an elastase inhibitor and/or neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (B) and by using them in combination, the resulting dermatologic composition for external use has more improved hair growth inhibitory effects.

The "elastase" as used herein means one of proteolytic enzymes which are presumed to play an important role for metabolism in the tissues of the living body. It is known that the neutrophilic elastase closely relates to the protection from infection or decomposition and regeneration of the damaged tissue, while the dermal-fibroblast-derived elastase takes part in the aging of the skin. The term "elastase inhibitor" as used herein embraces respective substances having inhibitory activity against these elastases. Particularly preferred are substances inhibiting dermal-fibroblast-derived elastase, for example, those exhibiting inhibitory activity of at least 50% in the concentration of 1 mM in an enzyme activity measuring system which contains an enzyme solution extracted from cultured human fibroblast with 0.1% Triton X-100/0.2M tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and, as a substrate, N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide.

Examples of such an elastase inhibitor include (1) phosphonic acid derivatives as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI 10-324611, (2) mercaptopropionic amide derivatives as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. HEI 10-265360, and (3) plants selected from ginger rhizome, hydrolyzed almond, birch, clove, rose hip, hawthorn, white birch or extracts, steam distillates or pressed products thereof.

The compositions of the present invention have excellent hair growth inhibitory effects and have a high degree of safety for human body.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will hereinafter be described more specifically by Examples. It should however be borne in mind that the present invention is not limited to or by these examples. The amount of a plant extract is indicated as a dry solids content.

Preparation Example 1

Preparation of a Juniperus Extract

The raw leaves of Juniperus virginiana L. (the family Juniperus of Cupressaceae) of American growth were dipped in 45% ethanol for 3 to 5 days for extraction. The supernatant was filtered to obtain the extract of Juniperus virginiana L. The resulting extract was found to have a specific gravity as measured at 25.degree. C. of 0.93.+-.5% and a solid concentration of 1.24%.

Preparation Example 2

Preparation of a Juniperus communis Extract

A raw fruit of Juniperus communis (the family Juniperus of Cupressaceae) was dipped in 50% ethanol for 3 to 5 days for extraction. The supernatant was filtered to obtain the extract of Juniperus communis. The resulting extract was found to have a solid concentration of 1.5%.

Preparation Example 3

Preparation of a Malt Extract

The raw malt of Gramineae wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of American growth was dipped in 42% ethanol for 3 to 5 days. The supernatant was filtered to obtain the malt extract. The resulting extract was found to have a specific gravity as measured at 25.degree. C. of 0.94.+-.5% and a solid concentration of 2.71%.

Preparation Example 4

Preparation of a Ginger Rhizome Extract

A ginger rhizome was sliced. To 50 g of the sliced ginger rhizome, 500 mL of 50% ethanol was added to dip the former in the latter, followed by filtration, whereby the ginger rhizome extract solution was obtained. The resulting extract solution was concentrated. As a result, the solid content was found to be 2.59 g, meaning that the extract solution had the solid concentration of 0.52%.

Preparation Example 5

Preparation of a Hydrolyzed Almond Extract

The pulverized almond (50 g) was extracted under heating (60.degree. C. for 2 hours) with 200 mL of 0.1 mol/L sulfuric acid. The mixture was then allowed to cool down and filtered, whereby the extract solution was obtained. After neutralization of the resulting extract solution with 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide, it was diluted with distilled water, whereby 500 g of the hydrolyzed almond extract solution was obtained. The evaporation residue was found to be 5.2 g.

Вправа 7. Разом з викладачем проаналізуйте переклади усіх студентів в групі з обґрунтуванням застосованих способів перекладу та перекладацьких трансформацій. Складіть найоптимальніший варіант перекладу з найбільш вдалих його варіантів.

Вправа 8 Прекладіть письмово повний опис найкращих варіантів застосування винаходу, поданий далі

SOYBEAN VARIETY

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The instant invention provides methods and composition relating to plants, seeds and derivatives of the soybean variety 4551757. Soybean variety 4551757 is well adapted to Mid South and East Coast growing regions. Soybean variety 4551757 was developed from an initial cross of AG5701/AG5802. The breeding history can be summarized as follows:

TABLE-US-00001 Generation Year Location Description Cross December 1999 Isabella, PR Cross F.sub.1 February 2000 Isabella, PR Bulk F.sub.2 October 2000 Isabella, PR Pod Pick F.sub.3 June 2001 Marion, AR SPS F.sub.4 October 2001 Fontezuela, ARG Prow F.sub.5 May 1, 2002 Marion, AR Prelim Yield Testing: Generation Year No. of Locations Rank No. of Entries F.sub.5 2002 4 6 48 F.sub.6 2003 12 4 40 F.sub.7 2004 20 10 40 F.sub.8 2005 18 3 32

The soybean variety 4551757 has been judged to be uniform for breeding purposes and testing. The variety 4551757 can be reproduced by planting and growing seeds of the variety under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions, as is known to those of skill in the agricultural arts. Variety 4551757 shows no variants other than what would normally be expected due to environment or that would occur for almost any characteristic during the course of repeated sexual reproduction. The results of an objective description of the variety are presented below, in Table 1. Those of skill in the art will recognize that these are typical values that may vary due to environment and that other values that are substantially equivalent are within the scope of the invention.

I. BREEDING SOYBEAN VARIETY 4551757

One aspect of the current invention concerns methods for crossing the soybean variety 4551757 with itself or a second plant and the seeds and plants produced by such methods. These methods can be used for propagation of the soybean variety 4551757, or can be used to produce hybrid soybean seeds and the plants grown therefrom. Hybrid soybean plants can be used by farmers in the commercial production of soy products or may be advanced in certain breeding protocols for the production of novel soybean varieties. A hybrid plant can also be used as a recurrent parent at any given stage in a backcrossing protocol during the production of a single locus conversion of the soybean variety 4551757.

The variety of the present invention is well suited to the development of new varieties based on the elite nature of the genetic background of the variety. In selecting a second plant to cross with 4551757 for the purpose of developing novel soybean varieties, it will typically be desired to choose those plants which either themselves exhibit one or more selected desirable characteristics or which exhibit the desired characteristic(s) when in hybrid combination. Examples of potentially desired characteristics include seed yield, lodging resistance, emergence, seedling vigor, disease tolerance, maturity, plant height, high oil content, high protein content and shattering resistance.

II. FURTHER EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

When the term soybean variety 4551757 is used in the context of the present invention, this also includes plants modified to include at least a first desired heritable trait. Such plants may, in one embodiment, be developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in addition to a genetic locus transferred into the plant via the backcrossing technique. The term single locus converted plant as used herein refers to those soybean plants which are developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in addition to the single locus transferred into the variety via the backcrossing technique. Backcrossing methods can be used with the present invention to improve or introduce a characteristic into the present variety. The parental soybean plant which contributes the locus for the desired characteristic is termed the nonrecurrent or donor parent. This terminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used one time in the backcross protocol and therefore does not recur. The parental soybean plant to which the locus or loci from the nonrecurrent parent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent as it is used for several rounds in the backcrossing protocol (Poehlman et al., 1995; Fehr, 1987a,b; Sprague and Dudley, 1988).

A. Herbicide Resistance

Numerous herbicide resistance genes are known and may be employed with the invention. An example is a gene conferring resistance to a herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem, such as an imidazalinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category code for mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for example, by Lee et al., (1988); Gleen et al., (1992) and Miki et al., (1990).

Resistance genes for glyphosate (resistance conferred by mutant 5-enolpyruvl-3 phosphikimate synthase (EPSP) and aroA genes, respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyces hygroscopicus phosphinothricin-acetyl transferase (bar) genes) may also be used. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al., which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a form of EPSPS which can confer glyphosate resistance. Examples of specific EPSPS transformation events conferring glyphosate resistance are provided by U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,497.

B. Disease Resistance

Plant defenses are often activated by specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. A plant line can be transformed with cloned resistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specific pathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al., (1994) (cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum); Martin et al., (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.); and Mindrinos et al., (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae).

A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom may also be used for viral disease resistance. For example, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plant cells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease development effected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, as well as by related viruses. See Beachy et al., (1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etch virus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.

C. Insect Resistance

One example of an insect resistance gene includes a Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or a synthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al., (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Bt .delta.-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding .delta.-endotoxin genes can be purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., for example, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Another example is a lectin. See, for example, Van Damme et al., (1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequences of several Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes. A vitamin-binding protein may also be used, such as avidin. See PCT application US93/06487, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. This application teaches the use of avidin and avidin homologues as larvicides against insect pests.

D. Male Sterility

Genetic male sterility is available in soybeans and can increase the efficiency with which hybrids are made, in that it can eliminate the need to physically emasculate the soybean plant used as a female in a given cross. (Brim and Stuber, 1973). Herbicide-inducible male sterility systems have also been described. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,762,344).

Where one desires to employ male-sterility systems, it may be beneficial to also utilize one or more male-fertility restorer genes. For example, where cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is used, hybrid seed production requires three inbred lines: (1) a cytoplasmically male-sterile line having a CMS cytoplasm; (2) a fertile inbred with normal cytoplasm, which is isogenic with the CMS line for nuclear genes ("maintainer line"); and (3) a distinct, fertile inbred with normal cytoplasm, carrying a fertility restoring gene ("restorer" line). The CMS line is propagated by pollination with the maintainer line, with all of the progeny being male sterile, as the CMS cytoplasm is derived from the female parent. These male sterile plants can then be efficiently employed as the female parent in hybrid crosses with the restorer line, without the need for physical emasculation of the male reproductive parts of the female parent.

E. Modified Fatty Acid, Phytate and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Genes may be used conferring modified fatty acid metabolism. For example, stearyl-ACP desaturase genes may be used. See Knutzon et al., (1992). Various fatty acid desaturases have also been described, such as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae OLE1 gene encoding .DELTA.9-fatty acid desaturase, an enzyme which forms the monounsaturated palmitoleic (16:1) and oleic (18:1) fatty acids from palmitoyl (16:0) or stearoyl (18:0) CoA (McDonough et al., 1992); a gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein delta-9 desaturase from castor (Fox et al. 1993); .DELTA.6- and .DELTA.12-desaturases from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to gamma-linolenic acid (18:3 gamma) (Reddy et al. 1993); a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes an omega-3 desaturase (Arondel et al. 1992)); plant .DELTA.9-desaturases (PCT Application Publ. No. WO 91/13972) and soybean and Brassica .DELTA.15 desaturases (European Patent Application Publ. No. EP 0616644).

III. ORIGIN AND BREEDING HISTORY OF AN EXEMPLARY SINGLE LOCUS CONVERTED PLANT

It is known to those of skill in the art that, by way of the technique of backcrossing, one or more traits may be introduced into a given variety while otherwise retaining essentially all of the traits of that variety. An example of such backcrossing to introduce a trait into a starting variety is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,556, the entire disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference. The procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,556 can be summarized as follows: The soybean variety known as Williams '82 [Glycine max L. Merr.] (Reg. No. 222, PI 518671) was developed using backcrossing techniques to transfer a locus comprising the Rps.sub.1 gene to the variety Williams (Bernard and Cremeens, 1988). Williams '82 is a composite of four resistant lines from the BC.sub.6F.sub.3 generation, which were selected from 12 field-tested resistant lines from Williams.times.Kingwa. The variety Williams was used as the recurrent parent in the backcross and the variety Kingwa was used as the source of the Rps.sub.1 locus. This gene locus confers resistance to 19 of the 24 races of the fungal agent phytopthora rot.

IV. TISSUE CULTURES AND IN VITRO REGENERATION OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

A further aspect of the invention relates to tissue cultures of the soybean variety designated 4551757. As used herein, the term "tissue culture" indicates a composition comprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of a plant. Exemplary types of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, leaves, roots, root tips, anthers, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the tissue culture comprises embryos, protoplasts, meristematic cells, pollen, leaves or anthers.

Exemplary procedures for preparing tissue cultures of regenerable soybean cells and regenerating soybean plants therefrom, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,375; U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,580; U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,011, each of the disclosures of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

An important ability of a tissue culture is the capability to regenerate fertile plants. This allows, for example, transformation of the tissue culture cells followed by regeneration of transgenic plants. For transformation to be efficient and successful, DNA must be introduced into cells that give rise to plants or germ-line tissue.

VI. DEFINITIONS

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, the following definitions are provided: A: When used in conjunction with the word "comprising" or other open language in the claims, the words "a" and "an" denote "one or more."

Crossing: The mating of two parent plants.

Cross-pollination: Fertilization by the union of two gametes from different plants.

Diploid: A cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes.

Emasculate: The removal of plant male sex organs or the inactivation of the organs with a cytoplasmic or nuclear genetic factor conferring male sterility or a chemical agent.

Enzymes: Molecules which can act as catalysts in biological reactions.

F.sub.1 Hybrid: The first generation progeny of the cross of two nonisogenic plants.

Genotype: The genetic constitution of a cell or organism.

Haploid: A cell or organism having one set of the two sets of chromosomes in a diploid. Linkage: A phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosome tend to segregate together more often than expected by chance if their transmission was independent.

Phenotype: The detectable characteristics of a cell or organism, which characteristics are the manifestation of gene expression.

Regeneration: The development of a plant from tissue culture.

Seed Yield (Bushels/Acre): The yield in bushels/acre is the actual yield of the grain at harvest.

Self-pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same plant. Tissue Culture: A composition comprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of a plant.

Transgene: A genetic locus comprising a sequence which has been introduced into the genome of a soybean plant by transformation.

VII. DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the soybean variety 4551757, disclosed above and recited in the claims, has been made with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Va. 20110-2209. The date of deposit was Mar. 12, 2008. All restrictions upon the deposit have been removed, and the deposit is intended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R. .sctn.1.801-1.809. The accession number for those deposited seeds of soybean variety 4551757 is ATCC Accession No. PTA-9041. The deposit will be maintained in the depository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if necessary during that period.

Вправа 9. Разом з викладачем проаналізуйте переклади усіх студентів в групі з обґрунтуванням застосованих способів перекладу та перекладацьких трансформацій. Складіть найоптимальніший варіант перекладу з найбільш вдалих його варіантів.