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International law commission

The ILC was set up by resolution of the UN General Assembly in November 1947. The body consists of thirty-four distinguished international lawyers, who are elected by the General Assembly for a five-year period of office, and exists to encourage 'the progressive development of international law and its codification'. The members of the Commis­sion are not government representatives but are elected on a personal basis and sit in their personal capacity as experts. The ILC conducts its sessions in Geneva.

International research and training

Institute for the advancement of women

INSTRAW was established by the General Assembly in 1985 and seeks to stimulate and assist, through research, training and the collection and exchange of information, the efforts of inter-governmental, govern­mental and non-governmental organisations aimed at the advancement of women in development both as participants and beneficiaries. The Institute is funded by voluntary contributions and is situated in Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Other consultative bodies

Of the special committees and commissions set up by the General Assembly from time to time for specific purposes those listed above have acquired a permanent or semi-permanent nature; others, equally dependent on the General Assembly, have not become institutionalised to the same extent. In addition to those with a purely organisational or administrative function they deal with peace-keeping and security, political matters, decolonisation and questions relating to trusteeship, legal, scientific, and educational matters; they include:

Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

Conciliation Commission for Palestine

Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation

Working Group on Direct Broadcasting Satellites

United Nations University (Tokyo)

World Food Council

UN CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT AND THE

DISARMAMENT COMMISSION

The Conference on Disarmament stems from an agreement by the USA, then the USSR, France and the UK in 1959 to set up a Ten Nation Com­mittee on Disarmament to include representatives of their four countries together with Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Poland and Romania. In 1961 it was expanded into an Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee, and again in 1969 to twenty-six members, when it was renamed the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD). At the first UN Special Session on Disarmament (UNSSD) in 1978 it was increased to forty members, and its name was changed back to the Committee on Disarmament (CD). Its name was changed again to the Conference on Disarmament in 1984. The Conference meets twice a year, from February to April and from June to August, in Geneva. It is the only multilateral negotiating body of the international community as a whole in the field of disarmament.

The UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC), in contrast, is a delib­erative body. It was first formed under the Security Council in 1952 with a membership of eleven states, subsequently increased to twenty- five in 1957 and then a year later it was increased to comprise all members of the UN. The UNDC did not meet from 1965 until 1979, but following its revival by the first Special Session on Disarmament substantive sessions of the UNDC are held once a year in New York.

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