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Intergovernmental agencies related

TO THE UNITED NATIONS (INCLUDING

SPECIALISED AGENCIES)

The intergovernmental agencies related to the United Nations by spe­cial agreements are separate, autonomous organisations which work with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the Economic and Social Council. Sixteen of the agencies are known as specialised agencies, a term used in the United Nations Charter. They report annually to the Economic and Social Council. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established in 1957 under the aegis of the United Nations, reports annually to the General Assembly and, as appropriate, to the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council.

Food and agriculture organisation

The FAO has extensive functions covering all aspects of food pro­duction and related activities. It collects, reviews, and makes available information and statistics on world agriculture, forestry and fisheries; it includes within its scope production, trade, consumption, nutrition, marketing, land tenure, and the protection of natural resources. It arranges for the provision of technical experts, assists in the negotiation of commodity and other related agreements, and encourages sustainable agriculture and rural development. The primary aim is to meet the needs of both present and future generations by promoting development that does not degrade the environment, is technically appropriate, econo­mically viable and socially acceptable. Policy is determined by a Con­ference of representatives of all member countries which meets every two years and on which each member state is represented; responsibility in the period between its sessions rests with a Council of forty-nine elected by the Conference.

The Director-General and Secretariat are in Rome, and there are regional offices in Accra, Bangkok, Santiago and Cairo, and liaison offices in Washington and New York.

International atomic energy agency

The IAEA encourages and coordinates research into the peaceful uses of atomic energy. It advises members on such subjects as the development of nuclear power, the uses of radioactive material in the fields of medicine, agriculture, etc., the disposal of radioactive waste, and water desalination; it provides experts where necessary, and offers research fellowships and training facilities.

In addition to its purely technical role the IAEA has increased re­sponsibility under the 1968 Treaty of the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for ensuring adequate safeguards and preventing the diver­sion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons in those non-nuclear states which are signatories of the treaty.

It is also responsible for implementing the International Nuclear Information System (INIS) which collects and disseminates informa­tion relating to nuclear matters. There are 115 members. The headquar­ters of the Agency is at the UN City in Vienna, and it is controlled by an annual Conference of member states and a Board of Governors of thirty-four.

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