Exercises

Ex. 1. Read aloud the statements below and translate them into Russian paying special attention to the parts in italics.

1. Bohr is one of the most ingenious interpreters of his ge­neration of the problems of modern theoretical physics. 2. He did physics at the University of Copenhagen, obtain­ing his doctor's degree in 1911. 3. He proceeded imme­diately to Cambridge for further studies under Thomson. 4. In 1912 he moved to Manchester University where he was associated with Rutherford in the latter's atomic research. 5. In 1914, following a year as lecturer at the Uni­versity of Copenhagen, Bohr returned to Manchester. 6. In 1920, largely due to Bohr's efforts, the Institute of Theoretical Physics was established at Copenhagen. 7. Bohr became its first head and under him the Institute has become a world famous centre of research. 8. Bohr took a leading part in the atomic bomb project, working mainly at the laboratory established in early 1943. 9. In 1944—1945 Bohr served as adviser to the scientific staff of the Manhattan project. 10. In 1945 Bohr returned to Copenhagen to resume his duties as director of the Insti­tute. 11. Bohr's great achievement was recognized inter­nationally by the Nobel prize award to him. 12. In 1957 he was the first recipient of the Atoms for Peace Award. 13. That same year he delivered his lecture on the Philo­sophical Lessons of Atomic Progress.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions using words and expres­sions from the text for those in italics.

Model:

1. Where did Bohr study physics?

2. He did physics at the University of Co­penhagen.

1. When did Bohr graduate, from the University? 2. Where did he go in 1912? 3. What idea did he put forward just before World War II? 4. Did he advance this idea alone or working together with Wheeler? 5. Did he participate in atomic research? 6. When did he come back to Copenhagen? 7. When did Bohr's contribution win him international recognition? 8. Was he the first to receive the Atoms for peace award? 9. When did he give his lecture on the Philosophical Lessons of Atomic Progress?

Ex. 3. Ask and answer questions about outstanding people in different fields of human activity. Use the indefinite article before nouns denoting profession. Here is the list of nouns and adjectives for you to choose from: architect, artist, composer, inventor, playwright, philosopher, poet, writer, scientist, archaeologist, astronomer, biologist, bioche­mist, botanist, chemist, historian, mathematician, philologist, physiologist, physicist; famous, world-famous, well-known, world-known, eminent, outstanding, prominent, distinguished, etc.

Model:

a) 1. Was Dalton a scientist?

2. Yes, he was a distinguished scientist.

b) 1. Was Hopkins a writer?

2. No, he wasn't. He was an outstanding biochemist.

Speak in the same way about Aristotle, Beethhoven, Byron, Darwin, Dickens, Edison, Einstein, Faraday, Rossi, Levitan, Lobachevski, Mendeleyev, Newton, Pav­lov, Rembrandt, Rutherford, B. Shaw, J. Grimm, Schlieman, Tchaikovski, Tolstoy and others.

Ex. 4. Agree with the following statements. Use: theoretical (experimental) physicist, postgraduate student, first (second, etc.) year student, researcher, lecturer etc.

Model:

1. As far as I know, Petrov is in his third fear at the University.

2. Yes, you're right (that's right; exactly). He is a third year student.

1. It seems that your friend is in his second year at the University. 2. I've been told that your brother does experimental research in biology. 3. If I'm not mista­ken, Popov did postgraduate research at your Institute. 4. To my mind, Dr. Brown is distinguished for his scien­tific research in theoretical physics. 5. For all I know, Dr. Ivanov gives lectures at the Polytechnical Institute. 6. I have recently learned that Peter is in his second year at the lnstitute of Electrical Engineering. 7. As far as I know, Dr. Somov does research in organic chemistry.

Ex. 5. Answer the following questions. Use the nouns: au­thor, inventor, discoverer, founder.

Model:

1. Did Dickens write many books?

2. Yes, he is the author of many books.

1. Did Columbus discover America? 2. Did Popov invent radio? 3. Did Leo Tolstoy write many novels? 4. Did Lomonosov found Moscow University?

Ex. 6. Insert the definite or the indefinite article and read the sentences aloud.

1. Milton was . . . famous English poet. He was . . . author of “Paradise Lost”. 2. My scientific adviser is . . . distinguished scientist. He is . . . author of a great num­ber of papers and monographs. 3. Marie Curie was . . . world-famous physicist. 4. Do you happen to know who was . . . author of modern quantum mechanics? 5. Newton is known as . . . discoverer of the Laws of Motion. 6. Tho­mas Hunt Morgan is . . . author of many books. 7. Co­lumbus was . . . great explorer. He is . . . discoverer of America. 8. Popov is . . . inventor of radio. 9. Edison is well-known as . . . inventor.

Ex. 7. Confirm the following statements. Use: be famous for, be distinguished for, be known for.

Model:

1. Bohr made a distinguished contribution to science.

2. Yes, he did (that's right; you're right; exactly). He is distinguished for his con­tribution to science.

1. Feyman gave a well-known course of lectures. 2. Mendeleyev discovered the Law of Periodicity. 3. Di­ckens wrote many world-famous novels. 4. Columbus discovered America. 5. Rutherford did distinguished. re­search. Б. Copernicus developed his famous hypothesis.

Ex. 8. Answer the following questions.

Model:

1. Guttenberg was the inventor of printing, wasn't he?

2. Yes (you're right; that's right; exactly, etc.), he is famous as the inventor (for having invented) printing.

1. Stratford-on-Avon is Shakespeare's. birthplace, isn't it? 2. Is Shroedinger the creator of wave mechanics? 3. Academician Ioffe founded the Soviet school of semi­conductor physics, didn't he? 4. Is Novosibirsk a well-known scientific centre? 5. Your native town has very beautiful architecture, hasn't it? 6. Did academician Pavlov advance the theory of conditioned reflexes?

Ex. 9. Translate into English.

1. Мария Кюри известна тем, что она открыла ра­дий. 2. Фарадей знаменит тем, что он сформулировал (formulate) закон электромагнитной индукции (electro­magnetic induction). 3. Эдисон известен как изобрета­тель фонографа (phonograph). 4. Наш город знаменит своей архитектурой. 4. Гагарин прославился как пер­вый космонавт (cosmonaut).

Ex. 10. Use the words and expressions in italics to compose a talk about a researcher in your field: be born; obtain (get) one's degree; work in collaboration with . . . (be associated with . . . ); advance the idea of . . . ; be the author of . . . ; recognize one's achievement; take a leading part in . . . , ete.

Ex. 11. React to the following statements or answer the questions. Use the verbs obtain or receive. Note that obtain means getting something through efforts (obtain data, evidence, information, knowledge, results). Receive means getting what is offered, given, sent (receive an award, a prize, a letter, a telegram, an invitation, news, education, training). However one can say obtain or receive a science degree.

Model:

1. You obtained some new data, didn't you?

2. Yes, I'm glad to tell you that I obtained very interesting data.

1. I hear your scientific adviser has obtained some original experimental results. 27 When did you obtain your degree? 3. As far as I know Petrov has received an invitation to join our lab. 4. I understand that you re­ceived your education at Moscow University. 5. Did your scientific adviser receive the Lenin prize? 6. Have you ob­tained all the necessary experimental data? 7. Do you think the results you obtained will help you to make final conclusions? 8. Have you received any news from your collaborators who are now on an expedition to the North?

Ex. 12. Translate into English using the verbs get, obtain, receive.

1. Он не получил никакого образования. 2. Она по­лучит премию. 3. Они получили цепные данные. 4. Я думаю, он получит степень доктора. 5. Полученные ими данные достоверны (quite reliable). 6. Когда вы получили эти данные? 7. Мы получили приглашение посетить эту интересную выставку. 8. Она получила ученую степень два года назад.

Ex. 13. Agree to the statements below and supply some additional information. Use introductory phrases: I quite (fully) agree with you; you're right; that's right; indeed; exactly; quite so; I am of the same opinion; I think so; I believe so, etc.

Model:

1. As far as I know, Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist.

2. You are quite right. He was an outstanding physicist, one of the most ingenious inter­preters of modern physics.

1. If I'm not mistaken, Bohr left Copenhagen for Manchester in 1914. 2. As far as I could gather from the text, Bohr took an active part in establishing the In­stitute of Theoretical Physics. 3. I believe Bohr advanced a lot of concepts of far-reaching consequence. 4. For all I know, Bohr did not stay in Denmark after the Nazis occupied the country. 5. To my mind Bohr's great achievement was generally recognized, wasn't it? 6. In my opi­nion Bohr was a distinguished scientist. 7. I heard that Bohr was not only a famous physicist, he was an outstanding philosopher as well. 8, As far as I remember, Bohr gave lectures at the University of Copenhagen. 9. I believe, that Bohr worked not only in Denmark but in the United States as well.

Ex. 14. Answer the following questions using the words in bra­ckets. Begin your answers with such introductory phrases as: as far as I know; as far as I remember; to my mind; certainly; it's hard to tell; probably; to tell the truth; of course; if I am not mistaken, etc.

Model:

1. Do you work hard? (be associated with).

2. Of course, I do. I'm associated with a team of researchers and all of us work rather hard.

1. Is your friend still staying in Leningrad? (move somewhere). 2. Why was Enrico Fermi awarded the Nobel Prize? (recognize). 3. What is Newton's main contribu­tion to science? (establish). 4. What is Mendeleyev famous for? (advance, propose). 5. Are you going to take part in the research carried on in your laboratory? (obtain new datum results). 6. What activities is your scientific adviser engaged in? (be head of; give lectures; write papers). 7. What is the main problem you're working at? (be con­cerned with; work under somebody). 8. Are you working at this problem alone? (in collaboration with . . . ; re­search team).

Ex. 15. Give appropriate Russian equivalents.

1. Родиться. 2. Он родился в 1933 году. 3. Когда вы родились? 4. Так как он родился в Англии, он хорошо знал английский язык, хотя его родным языком был датский (native tongue, mother tongue). 5. Получить образование. 6. Где вы получили образование? 7. По­лучив образование в Кембридже, он знал (be familiar with) систему образования в Англии (educational sy­stem). 8. Получить степень. 9. Где он получил степень доктора? 10. Занимался ли Бор под руководством Томсона? 11. Собирается ли она заниматься дальше (take up further studies)? 12. Бор работал с Резерфордом. 13. Когда она работала с вами? 14. Вы когда-нибудь работали с ними? (Use Present Perfect). 15. Где вы ра­ботали с ними? 16. Благодаря усилиям Бора. 17. Бла­годаря знанию физики. 18. Наш опыт был закончен вовремя (in time) благодаря совместным усилиям (joint) многих сотрудников (workers). 19. Кто был пер­вым директором вашего института? 20. Кто организовал вашу лабораторию? 21. Выдвигать мысль (idea). 22. Мысль, выдвинутая Бором, оказалась плодотворной (fruitful). 23. Предлагать теорию. 24. Что вы предла­гаете? 25. Предложенный им метод (approach) оказался полезным (helpful). 26. Вернувшись в Копенгаген, Бор вновь начал заниматься исследовательской работой. 27. Когда вы снова начнете свою работу (be going to . . . )? 28. Бор работал консультантом в научном отделе Манхэттенского проекта. 29. Огромные заслуги Бора получили признание.

Ex. 16. Answer the following questions.

1. Where were you educated? 2. Did you do further studies after graduation? 3. Did you move anywhere after graduation? 4. Have you ever given any lectures? 5. What part do you take in research carried on at your laboratory? 6. Who is head of your laboratory? 7. What is he distinguished for? 8. Is he the author of any text­books or monographs? 9. Has he received any awards? 10. Who do you think has advanced the most fundamental ideas of modern physics (biology, physiology, astro­nomy, chemistry, etc.)? 11. Are you familiar with these theories? 12. What are your plans for the nearest future?