- •1 Introduction
- •Purpose of the Study
- •Research Questions.
- •Key Words
- •1.4 Significance of the study
- •2 Literature Review
- •2.1 Nahuatl
- •2.1.1 History Nahuatl civilization
- •2.1.2 Nahuatl grammar
- •Nahuatl in Puebla
- •Figure 2.2.2
- •2.2.1The Mixtec of Puebla
- •2.3 Education in Mexico
- •2.3.1 The history of the indigenous education in Mexico
- •2.4 Bilingual education at present
- •2.4.1 Benefits of bilingual education
- •2.5 Critical Pedagogy.
- •2.6 The role of the school and family in the bilingual education
- •2.6.1 Empowering Parents
- •2.6.2 How oral tradition can be used to teach academic skills
- •3. Methodology
- •3.1 Subjects
- •3.2 Instruments
- •3.3 Interviews
- •3.4 Activities
- •4. Findings
- •Answers of interview made to adults.
- •4.2 Answers of interview made to teenagers.
- •4.3 Answers of interview made to children.
- •4.4 Results of activities applied to children
- •5. Conclusions
- •5.1 General overview
- •5.2 Implications for further study.
- •5.3 Limitations of the study
- •5.4 Directions for further research
- •Appendix 1: Poster used to let people know about the conference.
- •Appendix 4: the questionaire administered to parents
- •Appendix 5: the questionaire administered to teenagers
- •Appendix 10: legend of the lagoon of xochiltepec in spanish
- •Appendix 11: legend of the lagoon of xochiltepec in nahuatl
2 Literature Review
2.1 Nahuatl
Every language is a treasure in each society. Mexico is one of the the countries with many languages. There are many indigenous communities with their own culture and customs however the most important issue which provides an identity to each community is their own language. According to INEGI (Instituto Nacional de estadística y Geografía, 2012) in Mexico there are 6 million 695 thousand and 228 people who speak an indigenous language. At present 15 indigenous languages are spoken by one hundred thousand people while 7 of them are spoken only by one hundred people. Some of the most spoken indigenous languages are: Nahuatl, Maya and Mixteca languages. As was mentioned before Nahuatl is now the language with the most speakers in Mexico. The population who speaks this language is almost 1.5 million people which means 1.7 % of the population of the country (see Table 2.1). One of the states of the country with the most of Nahuatl speakers is Puebla. This state has many resources in this language thanks to its communities which still keep their own language.
The Nahuatl language has a lot of things to be counted. Even though there is not enough information about the origin of this language as other languages, it still has the most important part: people to keep this language alive for many more years.
The next table shows the number of speakers by state in Mexico
NAHUATL SPEAKERS BY STATE |
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STATE |
POPULATION OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE SPEAKERS |
NAHUATL SPEAKERS |
||
TOTAL |
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION |
PERCENTAGE |
||
EstadosUnidosMexicanos |
6,044,547 |
1,448 936 |
100.0 |
24.0 |
Puebla |
565,509 |
416,968 |
28.7 |
73.7 |
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave |
633 372 |
338,324 |
23.2 |
53.4 |
Hidalgo |
339 866 |
221,684 |
15.3 |
65.2 |
San Luis Potosí |
235 253 |
138,523 |
9.6 |
58.9 |
Guerrero |
367 110 |
136,681 |
9.4 |
37.2 |
México |
361 972 |
55,802 |
3.9 |
15.4 |
Distrito Federal |
141 710 |
37,450 |
2.6 |
26.4 |
Tlaxcala |
26 662 |
23,737 |
1.6 |
89.0 |
Morelos |
30 896 |
18,656 |
1.3 |
60.4 |
Oaxaca |
1 120 312 |
10,979 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
Tamaulipas |
17 118 |
8,407 |
0.6 |
49.1 |
Nuevo León |
15 446 |
8,308 |
0.6 |
53.8 |
Jalisco |
39 259 |
6,714 |
0.5 |
17.1 |
Sinaloa |
49 744 |
6,446 |
0.4 |
13.0 |
Michoacán de Ocampo |
121 849 |
4,706 |
0.3 |
3.9 |
Baja California |
37 685 |
2,165 |
0.1 |
5.7 |
Nayarit |
37 206 |
1,422 |
0.1 |
3.8 |
Sonora |
55 694 |
1,217 |
0.1 |
2.2 |
Quintana Roo |
173 592 |
1,213 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
Tabasco |
62 027 |
1,106 |
0.1 |
1.8 |
Querétaro de Arteaga |
25 269 |
1,069 |
0.1 |
4.2 |
Colima |
2 932 |
1,028 |
0.1 |
35.1 |
Chihuahua |
84 086 |
1,011 |
0.1 |
1.2 |
Baja California Sur |
5 353 |
987 |
0.1 |
18.4 |
Guanajuato |
10 689 |
919 |
0.1 |
8.6 |
Durango |
24 934 |
872 |
0.1 |
3.5 |
Coahuila de Zaragoza |
3 032 |
750 |
0.1 |
24.7 |
Campeche |
93 765 |
468 |
NS |
0.5 |
Chiapas |
809 592 |
454 |
NS |
0.1 |
Zacatecas |
1 837 |
330 |
NS |
18.0 |
Yucatán |
549 532 |
272 |
NS |
0.0 |
Aguascalientes |
1 244 |
268 |
NS |
21.5 |
NS = No Significativo |
|
|
|
|
INEGI = Census 2000 |
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Table 2.1.1 Nahuatl speakers in Mexico according to INEGI.