In some cases this type of construction can be rendered by a compound sentence:

He was a very nice fellow, you had only to say you wanted something for him to give it to you.

Він був дуже славний хлопець: варто було вам тільки сказати, що вам щось потрібно, і він тут же давав це вам.

Special difficulties can arise from the Absolute construction with the infinitive. This construction usually has the meaning either of concession or of successive events:

With so much to say, the two said nothing.

І хоча цим двом так багато треба було сказати, вони не сказали нічого.

Another type of constructions is emphatic ones. According to processed material of such scholars as Fiterman, Uspenska, Komissarov, Karaban we came to the conclusion that in English grammar the emphatic constructions can be divided into lexical, constructions which use some lexical means (words or word combinations) to give an expression the affective evaluation; grammatical, constructions which use grammatical means; and lexico-grammatical, constructions which use both lexical and grammatical means. According to the findings of research, grammatical particularly syntactical means dominate in the expression of the emphasis. On the contrary, in Ukrainian grammar lexical means dominate. That is why syntactical emphasis of English sentence is translated with the help of lexical method.

To translate all kinds of emphasis we use different transformations. On the basis of comparative analysis we have found all possible transformations in Ukrainian language and those which are used for translating of emphatic constructions. We arrived to a conclusion that some of them are not used for transferring of emphatic meaning of a sentence. Thus, the following transformation may take place: integration, addition and omission. The classification of transformations that are used for translating of emphatic constructions consists of lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical transformations. Lexical ones are the most used and include different changes of lexical units during the translation.

Additionally, it is important to mention types of emphatic constructions.

A. PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

Emphasis on what happened - not who did it.

The hotel will be redecorated by a famous designer

B. FRONTING AND INVERSION

(a) Fronting

We change the word order in a sentence in order to begin with a clause that wouldn't normally come first.

Where the money is coming from, I don't know.

(b) Inversion

Up into the air went the balloons.

C. IT IS/ WAS + NOUN + THAT + WHO + VERB CLAUSE

This structure helps us to emphasize different parts of the sentence. In speech, intonation and pronunciation also identify the emphasis.

Example: Sue borrowed my bike last night

It was Sue who borrowed my bike last night.

It was last night that Sue borrowed my bike.

It was my bike that Sue borrowed last night.

D. WHAT CLAUSES

WHAT + VERB CLAUSE + IS / WAS + NOUN

What you really need is a holiday.

2. Very / Indeed

When used emphatically, "very" means exactly / precisely

At the very same moment, the telephone rang.

It was very cold, indeed!

3. AT ALL / IN THE LEAST / WHATSOEVER / REALLY

(to emphasize negatives)

There was no ticket left at all, whatsoever.

4. THE - used to emphasize uniqueness and heavily stressed in speech

Surely, you don't mean the Julia Roberts!

5. Question words ending in -ever. They add a shade of disbelief.

Whoever told you that?

6. DO / DID - emphasize the verb and are stressed in speech

I do hope you'll come again.

7. ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES

Her performance was sheer magic.

8. Echoing phrases with so

This is the book you're looking for.

So it is!

9. Repetition

David keeps reading the same book over and over again.