Part 2. Recycling in the usa

Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:

Vocabulary:

stake [steik] – столб, кол, стойка

to be at stake – быть поставленным на карту

fervor [’fə:və] – стремление, усердие, жара

curbside recycling program [’kə:bsaid] – внутренняя сторона программы утилизации отходов

to reincarnate [tə ‚ri:in’ka:nit] – перевоплощать

to renew [tə ri’nju:] – обновлять

to spur [tə spə:] – подгонять, побуждать, спешить

to dwindle [tə ’dwindl] – истощаться

dwindling – истощение

unmatched [’лn’mæt∫t] – не имеющий себе равных

squandering [’skwɔndəriŋ] – безрассудная трата

to stretch [tə sret∫] – тянуть(ся)

twisted metal – изогнутый металл

scrap iron [skræp aiən] – металлолом

tire [taiə] – шина

to bed down – подстилать

to shred [tə ∫red] – резать, измельчать, отрезать

cow [kau] – охапка прутьев

to enrich [tə in’rit∫] – обогащать

shipping pallet [’∫ipiŋ ’pælit] – поддон для перевозки

to tile [tə tail] – крыть кафелем

crushed lightbulb [krл∫t ’laitbлlb] – разбитая лампочка

integral part [’intigrəl pa:t] – целая часть

to divert [tə dai’və:t] – отводить, отвлекать, переключать (внимание)

hauler [’hɔ:lə] – грузовой автомобиль

separate compartment [kəm’pa:tmənt] – сортировочное отделение

detergent bottle [di’tə:dჳənt] – бутылка с моющей присадкой

reclaimable [ri’kleiməb(ə)l] – исправимый, могущий быть восстановленным

to sort [tə sɔ:t] – сортировать

to compact [tə kə’pækt] – сдавливать

yard trimming [ja:d ’trimiŋ] – древесная стружка

wooden construction debris [’wudn kən’strлk∫(ə)n ’deibri] – древесный строительный мусор

combustible [kəm’bлstəbl] – воспламеняемый, горючий

sludge [slлdჳ] – густая грязь, слякоть

water-treatment plant [’wɔ:tə ’tritmənt pla:nt] – очистные сооружения

to dump [tə dлmp] – выгружать, сваливать

concrete composting trench [’kɔnkri:t ’kɔmpɔstiŋ trent∫] – бетонная компостная яма

fan – вентилятор

to claw [tə klɔ:] – царапать, иметь лапы/ выступы/ лопасти

to stir [tə stə:] – размешивать

mush [mл∫] – кашеобразная масса; потеря высоты

to remove [tə ri’mu:v] – убирать, перемещать

ink [iŋk] – чернила

glue [glu:] – клей

coating [’kəutiŋ] – (наружное) покрытие, обложка

fiber [’faibə] – волокно

pulp [pлlp] – мягкая масса, целлюлоза

to maintain [tə mein’tein] – поддерживать, сохранять

paper strength – плотность бумаги

yard clipping – древесные обрезки

polyethylene [‚pɔli’eθili:n] – полиэтилен

to regenerate [tə ri’dჳenərit] – восстанавливать(ся)

cottony [’kɔt(ə)ni] – хлопковый, пушистый

jacket insulation [‚insju’lei∫(ə)n] – изоляционный материал

pillow stuffing [’piləu ’stлfiŋ] – набивка для подушки

car interior [ka: in’tiəriə] – салон автомобиля

to mold [tə məuld] – отливать форму, формовать, насыпать землю, покрываться плесенью

high-density [hai ’densiti] – высокая плотность

lumber [’lлmbə] – ненужные громоздкие вещи

insecticide [in’sektisaid] – средство от насекомых

to pop [tə pɔp] – хлопать, лопаться с треском, палить, стрелять, неожиданно появляться

tinker [’tiŋkə] – жестянщик

oven [’лvn] – духовой шкаф, духовка

to distil [tə dis’til] – дистиллировать, очищать

refinery [ri’fainəri] – нефтеперегонный завод

distillation [‚disti’lei∫(ə)n] – дистилляция, перегонка

hydro-treatment [’haidrə(u) ’tri:tmənt] – гидро-обработка

indistinguishable [‚indi’stiŋgwi∫əb(ə)l] – неразличимый

virgin [’və:dჳin] – новый, не бывший в употреблении

digester [d(a)i’dჳestə] – варочный котёл

to scamper [tə ’skæmpə] – носиться резво, скакать

to nibble [tə ’nibl] – обгрызать

pen – небольшой загон для скота, небольшая огороженная площадка

hog [hɔg] – боров, свинья

to oink [tə ɔiŋk] – хрюкать

pork [pɔ:k] – свинина

to recover [tə ri’kлvə] – восстанавливать, получать обратно

to discard [tə ’diska:d] – выбрасывать

ditch – канава, яма

sticky – липкий, клейкий

thread – нить

fuselage [’fju:zəla:ჳ] – фюзеляж (корпус летательного аппарата)

Exercise 1. In the list of vocabulary above find the words with the following meanings:

1. rubber ring used for vehicle’s wheel to run on the road, 2. vehicle that transports goods by road, 3. thick mud, 4. a long narrow ditch, 5. coloured liquid used for writing or printing, 6. natural or synthetic sticky substance, 7. stuffed cloth bag for supporting the head in bed, 8. pig meat, 9. process of evaporating a liquid and condensing its vapour, 10. soft moist plant tissue, such as the material used to make paper, 11. a mechanical object used to create a current of air, 12. a place surrounded by fence for breeding domestic animals

Exercise 2. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

A. Nouns:

1. stake a. separate section

2. fervor b. wooden material used for building

3. bottle c. pointed post driven into the ground as a support or marker

4. yard d. heated container for cooking

5. lightbulb e. container for holding liquids

6. fiber f. light plastic for every day use

7. compartment g. intensity of feeling, heat

8. oven h. threadlike material

9. polyethylene i. plant for oil treatment

10. refinery j. glass part of an electric lamp

B. Adjectives:

1. unmatched a. showing no difference between objects or materials

2. reclaimable b. unrivalled, having nothing to be compared with

3. combustible c. broken to pieces

4. indistinguishable d. recyclable

5. cottony e. not yet exploited, new

6. crushed f. being an essential part of a whole

7. virgin g. soft, made of cotton

8. integral h. burning easily

C. Verbs:

1. to reincarnate a. to keep up, to support

2. to mold b. to mix up

3. to tile c. to take little bites of (meal)

4. to divert d. to cover a roof, floor, or wall with flat pieces of ceramics or plastic

5. to dump e. to undergo spiritual, moral, or physical renewal, reproduce or recreate

6. to claw f. to change the direction, distract the attention

7. to stir g. to take away or off, dismiss from

8. to remove h. to shape a metal filling a hollow form container

9. to maintain i. to drop a load from the truck, to let fall heavily

10. to regenerate j. to run about hurriedly or in play

11. to scamper k. to give rebirth of a soul in a new body

12. to nibble l. to tear with claws or nails

Exercise 3. According to the models discuss vocabulary of the previous exercises using the phrases below:

Phrases:

Phrases of agreement: You are quite right, You are absolutely right, I quite agree with you, I am of the same opinion, I’m sure you are right

Phrases of disagreement: You are wrong, I’m afraid you are wrong, I’m afraid you are mistaken, I’m of another opinion, I can’t agree with you

Model 1:

A.– Excuse me, Denis, does the word light-bulb mean glass part of an electric lamp?

B. – Yes, it does. You are absolutely right.

1. – Thanks a lot, Denis.

2. – You are welcome. Ask any time you need.

Model 2:

1. – Excuse me, Mary, does the word to stir mean to take away or off, dismiss from?

2. – No, it doesn’t. I am afraid you are wrong. As far as I remember to stir means to mix up.

1. – Oh, thank you. It’s so kind of you to correct me.

2. – No, problem. I’m always glad to help you.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the following words and expressions:

loss of landfill space, contamination of groundwater by landfills, unmatched squandering, a convoy of garbage trucks, high-quality livings, a pile of trash, the average American family, aluminum cans, glass containers, plastic bottles, heavy metals, economic sense, shipping pallets, tiled with crushed light-bulbs, an integral part of business and industry, for sale to a manufacturer, clawed machines, cash crop, 100 percent recyclable, solid-waste woes, cutting down trees, valuable resource

Exercise 5. Read the following text “Recycling in the USA” and find in it the words according to the definitions given below to fill in the crossword:

L

A

N

D

F

I

L

L

1. reprocessing of used materials for further use

2. light silvery-white metal

3. hostile nation

4. things manufactured in large scale by an industrial enterprise or agriculture

5. a group of parents and their children

6. shipping in goods from another country

7. sphere with a map of the earth on it

8. decreasing in quantity