IV. The following sentences have mistakes. Correct them.

1. Some of the variation that we see in plant phenotype is due to genetic differences at all.

2. Phenotypic variation is the variation in some plant part.

3. Natural selection acts on plant genotypes, which is the outward expression of plant phenotype.

V. Put a word from the box in the correct place of the sentence.

Coexisting in ecological habitats. Environment Plant phenotypes Plant genotypes trait Cycling organisms dynamics

1. Phenotypic variation is the variation in some plant ….

2. Natural selection acts on plant phenotype, which is the outward expression of…….

3. Ecosystem ecology provides the information about the … of carbon, water, and nutrients in an ecosystem in general and the role of plants in those cycles in particular.

4. In order for evolution to occur due to natural selection, … must be heritable.

5. Plant ecology is the study of … in relation to their environment at the hierarchical levels of organism, population, community, and ecosystem.

6. Plant and its … will describe environmental factors (e.g., radiation, water, temperature, and nutrients) and their effects on plant processes.

7. Plant population ecology will focus on biological processes regulating population… , including growth, reproduction, dispersal, and recruitment.

8. Plant community ecology will study patterns of multiple species …….

VI. Look back at the text and choose the correct words to go together.

1. to interact on/with this environment;

2. to compare the clones with/in the special genotype;

3. As described on/above;

4. with/in order from/for evolution;

5. effects up/on plant processes;

6. in/on relation from/to;

7. on/at the hierarchical levels;

8. to act to/on plant phenotype;

9. to occur due on/to natural selection;

10. to think from/of genotype;

11. do not differ among/between the two environments.

VIII. Name each paragraph of the text “ Plant Ecology “.

IX. Name a word or a word combination, which is not a part of the logical group.

1. Plant and its environment, growing season, plant population ecology, plant community ecology, ecosystem ecology.

2. Population dynamics, growth, reproduction, oilseed production, dispersal, and recruitment.

3. Natural selection, plant phenotype, foodstuff, plant genotypes.

4. Phenotypic variation, plants having more leaves, deeper red flowers, faster growth rates, garden ornament, more root differentiation, earlier onset of flowering.

Grammar exercises

I. Put up four questions of different types (general, special, disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence.

Model: Plant ecology is the study of organisms in relation to their environment.

1) Is plant ecology the study of organisms in relation to their environment?

2) What is plant ecology?

3) Plant ecology is the study of organisms in relation to their environment, isn’t it?

4) Is plant ecology the study of organisms in relation to their environment or to each other?

1. Plant ecology can be divided in the following four sections.

2. The first section will describe environmental factors and their effects on plant processes.

3. The second section will focus on biological processes regulating population dynamics

4. The third section on community ecology will study patterns of multiple species coexisting in ecological habitats.

5. The last section on ecosystem ecology provides the information about the cycling of carbon, water, and nutrients in an ecosystem.