
- •V. R. Novak
- •(The verbals)
- •The use of the infinitive without the particle to (the bare infinitive)
- •Comment on the forms of the infinitives.
- •Give all the possible forms of the following infinitives:
- •Complete the sentences by using suitable Infinitives:
- •Use the verbs in brackets in the required form.
- •Comment on the cases of the Split Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Use to before the infinitives where possible.
- •Translate into English.
- •Functions of the gerund
- •Gerund. Practise the functions.
- •Functions of the gerund. Prepositions
- •Prepositional object
- •Attribute
- •Exercises. Gerund with prepositions
- •Underline the correct preposition.
- •Fill in the gaps with a correct preposition.
- •Complete the sentences:
- •1. Use either the Infinitive or Gerund of the verbs in brackets
- •2. Translate into English
- •3. Use either the Infinitive or Gerund of the verbs in brackets
- •The Participle
- •Exercises
- •I. Participial phrase as parenthesis. Translate the following sentences from English into Ukrainian.
- •V. Participle II as part of a complex subject/part of a compound verbal
- •VI. Participial phrase as parenthesis.
- •Exercises
- •I. Participial phrase as parenthesis.
- •Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •Exercises
- •Exercises The Objective Participial Construction(with Participle II)
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •Exercises The Subjective Participial Construction (with Participle I and Participle II)
- •Exercises The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Exercises The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •Revision Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Infinitive, gerund and participle I
- •1. Define the functions of the Verbals:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •3. Define the forms and the functions of the Verbals in the sentences below:
- •4. Translate into English:
Use to before the infinitives where possible.
1. We did everything we could ....... make him ....... join us. 2. You can’ ......... make me ......... do what I don’t want ....... . 3. Are you sure you can ......... afford ..... waste another year? 4. You need ..... take more care of yourself. 5. It would be very foolish .... let the child ....... have his way. 6. Let the next student ....... come in now. 7. We’d rather ...... take a train than ...... fly. 8. Why not ......... go with us? Let’s ........ have a fun! 9. You’d better ......... stay in bed not ........ make your cold ........... get worse. 10. I need a car ........ get to my country-house. 11. We heard the postman ....... come up to the front door and then we saw him ...... slip a thick envelope into the box. 12. He can’t but ......... admire her beauty and talent. 13. You ought ....... have told me all this before. 14. We got them ..... rebuild the house. 15. He was seen ...... enter the house through the back door. 16. – What made you ......... terrorize me? – I was made.......... do it. 17. Will you be able ....... let your son ........ decide his future?
Translate into English.
1. Я щаслива запросити вас на вечір. 2. Я щаслива, що мене часто запрошують на прем’єри. 3. Я щаслива, що мене запросили на виставу студентського театру. 4. Хочу розповісти вам останні новини. 5. Хочу, щоб мені розповіли цю історію. 6. Я рада, що мені розповіли про це. 7. Роберт не збирається звинувачувати вас. 8. Він не передбачав, що його звинуватять. 9. Мені шкода, що я завдаю стільки клопоту. 10. Мені шкода, що я потурбувала вас. 11. Діти люблять вигадувати різні історії. 12. Діти обожнюють, коли їм розповідають страшні історії. 13. Він, здається, знає всіх у місті. 14. Тед, здається, читає щось смішне. Він постійно посміхається. 15. Він, здається, виконує цю роботу уже багато років.
Functions of the gerund
Functions |
Prepositions |
Examples |
Subject (usually front position, sometimes – postposition, in sentences with an introductory it, where the predicate is to be(of) no use (no good, useless), to make all the (no) difference); or there is… |
-- |
Translating such texts is rather difficult. It is no use translating this text without a dictionary.
If you want to help me, it’s no use beating about the bush. It will make no difference your being quiet. There was no mistaking the expression on her face.
Note: The Gerund would NOT occur after “important” and “necessary”. |
Predicative 1) part of a compound nominal predicate 2) part of a compound verbal predicate: a) modal (intend, cannot help, etc.) b) aspect (go on, keep on, burst out, give up, cease, leave off, continue, etc) |
--
like |
1) John’s hobby is collecting all sorts of bugs and butterflies. 2 a) We intend going to Switzerland. b) They kept on arguing. Your health will improve as soon as you give up smoking. 3) Do you feel like going for a walk? I don’t feel like going to bed yet. Note: a gerundial predicative construction cannot form part of a compound verbal predicate. |
Object 1) Direct Also: after verbs taking an object and an objective predicative the gerundial phrase or construction is preceded by an introductory object it. 2) Prepositional Note: predicative constructions with the gerund form a complex object as they consist of two distinct elements. |
1) – (+adj worth) 2) of, about, on, in, for, from, at, to etc |
1) He suggested going to the museum. I’m sorry that I missed seeing you! I find the book worth reading. Also: I find it strange our going with you. I think it no use your (you) arguing about trifles. 2) He insisted on going home. She was not conscious of having shown any special interest in him.
|
Attribute (modified nouns, mainly abstract ones, always preceded by a preposition)
May precede the noun it modifies in phrases bordering on a compound noun (without a preposition) |
OF, about, in, at, for, to |
There is a chance of catching the train. The idea of him being in Paris was not a pleasant one. Imagine his surprise at seeing me. The barometer is an instrument for measuring the pressure of the air. (expresses the purpose of the thing mentioned) A dancing master, a diving suit, a reading lamp, a working method, a writing career, a swimming pool, a walking stick. |
Adverbial modifier of time (characterizes the verb from the viewpoint of priority, simultaneity, or posteriority) |
after, before, on, in, since, at |
She looked at him steadily before answering. One day, on returning to his hotel, he found a note in his room. I had had a lot of thoughts since leaving the office. Clare turned at hearing the footsteps. |
Adverbial modifier of purpose |
for |
One side of the gallery is used for dancing. They took her to the station for questioning. |
Adverbial modifier of reason (cause)* |
because of, for, from, for fear of, on account of, through, due to, owing to |
So you see I couldn’t sleep for worrying. We lost ourselves through not knowing the way. I dared not attend the funeral for fear of making a fool of myself. He felt better for having written the letter. |
Adverbial modifier of manner |
by, without or in |
You will achieve a lot by telling the truth. She dressed without making a sound. The day was spent in packing. |
Adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances* |
without, instead of |
He went away instead of working. They danced without speaking. The door opened without having been knocked on. |
Adverbial modifier of condition |
without, but for, in case of |
He won’t go without saying good-bye. But for meeting John, I wouldn’t have become an actress. |
Adverbial modifier of concession |
in spite of, despite |
In spite of being busy, she managed to translate the text. |
Adverbial modifier of comparison |
-- |
The country is much better for you than working in the hot city all summer. |
* In these cases Perfect Gerund may occur