Институт.специальной педагогики и психологии Международного универсйтета .семьи и ребенка имени Р. Валленберга

Практикум

ПО РАЗВИТИЮ НАВЫКОВ ЧТЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕВОДА ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

О Щ&зд

НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ

по специальности 031900 «Специальная психология»

Санкт-Петербур!

2002

The word «psychology» is made up from two Greek words: psyche, meaning mind or soul, and logos, meaning word or study. «Psychology” then, means «the study of the mind». There is, however, a serious difficulty with the definition. No one has been able to isolate or identify «the mind» scientifically. «The mind» has neither weight nor size. It has no material form. At first «mind» was thought of as some operating and controlling process which was different of a body. But this approach was so abstract that soon psychologists, as scientists, shifted their attention to a more concrete approach to the study of man. They paid attention to the observable effects of the mind. They paid attention to behaviour and the way in which we behave.*Behaviourists define psychology as the science of the behaviour of man and other animals. Besides psychology there are many branches of science which study people. The difference is that psychology is interested in behaviour. Psychologists try to find the relation between the theories and the structure of the body. It is difficult to do so because the human body is very complex. The brain consists of 10' (one billion) components (cells) and each of these has a number of different connexions. It is almost impossible to know how they function. Scientists try to select some of the complex acts and identify some of the processes. They study the processes that govern behaviour.

Exercises

I. Translate from English into Russian the following words and phrases and find them in the text or make up your own sentences with the phrases

psychology, psychologist, psychological problems, to define psychology; to mean, the meaning of the word, the study of man, the study of the mind, the study of behaviour; to behave, the behaviour of man and other animals, human behaviour, neurotic behaviour, normal behaviour,to govern behaviour, an approach, an abstract approach, a scientific approach, a concrete approach, an approach to a problem, an approach to the study of man; a process, mental processes, an operating and controlling process, to study processes, to identify some of the processes, to identify «the mind» scientifically; a definition, a comprehensive definition, to define psychology.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian phrases

переместить внимание, обратить внимание, обладать целым ря­дом различных связей; подход, абстрактный подход, конкретный под­ход к изучению человека; поведение, управлять поведением, интере­соваться поведением, изучать поведение человека, вести себя; клетка,