Inflation

Most people associate inflation with price increases оn specific goods and services. The economy is not necessarily experiencing an inflation, however, every time the price of а cup of coffee goes up. We must be careful to distinguish the phenomenon of inflation from price increases for specific goods. Inflation is an increase in the average level of prices, not а change in any specific price. We first determine the average price of all output – the average price level – then look for changes in that average. А rise in the average prices is referred to as inflation. The average price level may fall as well as rise. А decline in average prices – а deflation - occurs when price decreases оn some goods and services out-weight price increases оn all others. Relative price is the price of one good in comparison with the price of other goods.

Because inflation and deflation are measured in terms of average price levels, it is possible for individuals prices to rise or fall continuously without changing the average price level. Nominal income is the amount of money you receive in а particular time period; it is measured in current dollars. Real income, by contrast, is the purchasing power of that money, as measured by their quantity of goods and services your dollars will buy. If the number of dollars you receive every year is always the same, your nominal income doesn’t change – but your real income will rise or fall with price changes. There are two basic lessons about inflation to be learned:

- Not all prices rise at the same rate during an inflation. Typically, some prices rise very rapidly, others only modestly, and still others not at all.

Завдання 2. Поставте десять запитань до тексту.

Завдання 3. Перекладіть речення

1.За рахунок зниження цін нам вдалося продати товар.

2.Нам рекомендували вашу фірму як постачальника хімічного обладнання високої якості.( chemical equipment – хімічне обладнання)

3. Акції будуть продані корпораціями для використання грошей на фондових біржах.(the stock- акції)

4. Деякі економісти стверджують, що фінансова політика має кілька серйозних недоліків.

5. Нам потрібно швидше оформити замовлення, так як кількість цього товару на складі обмежена.

Завдання 4. Поставте дієслова у дужках у правильну часову форму.

1. …. you (get) the email I sent you yesterday?

2. I (not see) the figures before the meeting, so it (put) me at a disadvantage during the discussion.

3. My computer (crash) yesterday.

4. Next year I (work) in Paris.

5. I (try) to contact her all day yesterday.

Завдання 5. У пропусках напишіть відповідне слово чи вислів.

1. The company has been bought by one of the big … .

2. We made S 6,000 clear … on the deal.

3. The companys … is in New York .

4. The farm is a highly … business.

5. The government helps needy people by … of food, clothing, and shelter.

6. Bank examiners … the books of 600 financial institutions.

7. This firm has always had … … in the market.

8. I prefer this … of soft drink rather than another.

9. He had never been capable of … between his friend and his enemies .

10. Last month our company had a high … … .

11. Large companies operating in many countries are … .

(distinguishing , brand, profit margin, a dominant position, scrutinized, the provision, profitable, headquarters, profit, multinationals( 2) )

Завдання 6. Завдання в Інтернет-Кафе.

ВАРІАНТ 4

Завдання 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово текст.