- •3. Match the words or notions with their definitions.
- •2.Read and retell the text.
- •Initial Definitions
- •3. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
- •4. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •4.Choose the correct answer.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Memorize the dialogues and perform them in pairs.
- •7. Now try to tell the gist of the text in 5-6 sentences. Use the questions from Ex. 5 to help you.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •It is impossible to construct an engine that will work in a complete cycle and produce no other effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of a reservoir.
- •3. You. Are to add to the diagram the necessary information.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Ask the given sentence as many questions as possible.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •3. Complete the sentences.
- •Write down as many questions to the given sentences as possible.
- •Say if the statements are true or false;
- •Heat and work:
- •3. Try to explain the meaning of the given words using the information you’ve learnt from the text.
- •4. Solve the crossword puzzle.
- •5. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.
- •Read the dialogues and dramatize them in pairs.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Explain the difference between heating systems. Fill in the table.
- •5. Complete the following sentences using the english equivalents instead of the Ukrainian words and word-combinations.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Make up sentences with given words:
- •4.Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Supply questions to these sentences.
- •7. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the given words.
- •8. Read and translate the dialogue.
- •2. Read the text. Find the difference between these two systems of ventilation.
- •Vacuum Ventilation.
- •3. Fill in the blank with the necessary words and word-combinations.
- •4. Try to retell the gist of the text in 5-7 sentences.
- •5. Explain the difference between artificial, vacuum and plenum ventilation.
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read (he text, study it. Pay attention to new words.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •6. Read and translate the dialogue..
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text and information in the table.
- •3 .Answer the questions:
- •4. Try to explain the meaning of the given heating methods using the information you’ve learnt from the text:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •7. Try to explain how building byelaws applied to ventilation.
- •1.Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •7. Make up the plan according to the text.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions.
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the questions :
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentence:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the necessary words:
- •1. Read and memorize following words and expressions:
- •2. Read, translate and study the text:
- •2.Scan for the details and circle the correct letter.
- •3.Choosc the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4.Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Make up 5 sentences using following words:
- •5. Make up the plan according to the text, not less than 10 items.
- •6. Fill in the table . Pay attention to the types of the boilers and explain the difference between them.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text:
- •1. Read the text and try to understand the main idea:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •4.Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make the translation of Steam Turbines classifications .
- •3. Answer the questions of the text:
- •4. Is it true or false?
- •6. Make un 5 sentences with following words:
- •7.Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue.
- •7. Fill in the table.
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2.Make the difference between the types of the turbines.
- •3.Ask questions to the sentences.
- •4.Complete the sentences.
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •6.Answer the following questions:
- •7. Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Unit 26
- •2. Read and translate the abstract.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the word-combinations:
- •4.Use the words from Ex. 3 and make up sentences with them.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and memorize the following expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •4.Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word from the brackets:
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Indirect systems
7. Now try to tell the gist of the text in 5-6 sentences. Use the questions from Ex. 5 to help you.
Unit 4
HEAT AND WORK
1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
in transition - в процесі зміни
thermodynamic properties - термодинамічні якості
to store - зберігати boundary - межа to deny - заперечувати
reservoir - ємність, резервуар
2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
Heat and Work
Distinction should be made between the energy, terms heat and work. Both represent energy in transition. Work is the transfer of energy resulting from a force acting through a distance. Heat is energy transferred as the result of a temperature difference. Neither heat nor work are thermodynamic properties of a system. Heat can be transferred into or out of a system and work can be done on or by a system, but a system cannot contain or store either heat or work. Heat into a system and work out of a system are considered positive quantities When a
temperature difference exists across a boundary, the Second Law of Thermodynamics indicates the natural flow of energy is from the hotter body to the colder body. The Second Law of Thermodynamics denies the possibility of ever completely converting into work all the heat supplied to a system operating in a cycle. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, described by Max Planck in 1903, states that:
It is impossible to construct an engine that will work in a complete cycle and produce no other effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of a reservoir.
The second law says that if you draw heat from a reservoir to raise a weight, lowering the weight will not generate enough heat to return the reservoir to its original temperature, and eventually the cycle will stop. If two blocks of metal at different temperatures are thermally insulated from their surroundings and are brought into contact with each other the heat will flow from the hotter to the colder. Energy has not been lost, but instead some energy has been transferred from one block to another.
3. You. Are to add to the diagram the necessary information.
HEAT
WORK |
4. Match the words with their definitions.
heat
work
transition
boundary
reservoir
something that indicates the farthest limit, as of an area; border
the energy transferred as a result of a difference in temperature
the transfer of energy expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force
a natural or artificial lake or large tank used for collecting and storing water
any change that results in a change of physical properties of a substance or system, such as a change of phase or molecular structure