- •3. Match the words or notions with their definitions.
- •2.Read and retell the text.
- •Initial Definitions
- •3. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
- •4. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •4.Choose the correct answer.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Memorize the dialogues and perform them in pairs.
- •7. Now try to tell the gist of the text in 5-6 sentences. Use the questions from Ex. 5 to help you.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •It is impossible to construct an engine that will work in a complete cycle and produce no other effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of a reservoir.
- •3. You. Are to add to the diagram the necessary information.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Ask the given sentence as many questions as possible.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •3. Complete the sentences.
- •Write down as many questions to the given sentences as possible.
- •Say if the statements are true or false;
- •Heat and work:
- •3. Try to explain the meaning of the given words using the information you’ve learnt from the text.
- •4. Solve the crossword puzzle.
- •5. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.
- •Read the dialogues and dramatize them in pairs.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Explain the difference between heating systems. Fill in the table.
- •5. Complete the following sentences using the english equivalents instead of the Ukrainian words and word-combinations.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Make up sentences with given words:
- •4.Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Supply questions to these sentences.
- •7. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the given words.
- •8. Read and translate the dialogue.
- •2. Read the text. Find the difference between these two systems of ventilation.
- •Vacuum Ventilation.
- •3. Fill in the blank with the necessary words and word-combinations.
- •4. Try to retell the gist of the text in 5-7 sentences.
- •5. Explain the difference between artificial, vacuum and plenum ventilation.
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read (he text, study it. Pay attention to new words.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •6. Read and translate the dialogue..
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text and information in the table.
- •3 .Answer the questions:
- •4. Try to explain the meaning of the given heating methods using the information you’ve learnt from the text:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •7. Try to explain how building byelaws applied to ventilation.
- •1.Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •7. Make up the plan according to the text.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions.
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the questions :
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentence:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the necessary words:
- •1. Read and memorize following words and expressions:
- •2. Read, translate and study the text:
- •2.Scan for the details and circle the correct letter.
- •3.Choosc the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4.Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Make up 5 sentences using following words:
- •5. Make up the plan according to the text, not less than 10 items.
- •6. Fill in the table . Pay attention to the types of the boilers and explain the difference between them.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text:
- •1. Read the text and try to understand the main idea:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •4.Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make the translation of Steam Turbines classifications .
- •3. Answer the questions of the text:
- •4. Is it true or false?
- •6. Make un 5 sentences with following words:
- •7.Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue.
- •7. Fill in the table.
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2.Make the difference between the types of the turbines.
- •3.Ask questions to the sentences.
- •4.Complete the sentences.
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •6.Answer the following questions:
- •7. Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Unit 26
- •2. Read and translate the abstract.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the word-combinations:
- •4.Use the words from Ex. 3 and make up sentences with them.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and memorize the following expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •4.Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word from the brackets:
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Indirect systems
2. Answer the following questions:
What is the function of the boilers?
Are there many types of boilers and in the selection of one to work under given condition?
Can you tell us about fire-tube boilers?
What do you know about water-tube boilers?
What is the difference between the water-tube and fire-tube boilers?
Is the efficiency in well-designed boilers of both types is about the same?
3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- Water-tube boilers take up less space than fire-tube boilers of the same power.
- In fire-tube boilers, the furnace gases are led through tubes around which water circulates.
- In water-tube boilers, the water occupies the interior of the tubes and the gases pass over them externally.
4.Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
the same |
space |
internally |
fires out |
steam pressure |
potential energy |
The suitability of the design for safety carrying the proposed .
The efficiency with which the of the coal or other fuel is converted into heat in the steam;
Accessibility, both externally and _______.
______ occupied;
Speed with which steam can be raised, stating with cold water and _______.
The efficiency in well-designed boilers of both types is ________.
5.Now try to tell the gist of the text in 10 sentences. Use the questions from Ex.2 to help you.
6. Complete the dialogue and perform it in pairs.
- What do you know about the difference between water-tube and fire- tube boilers?
- Are they the same?
- What is the efficiency?
- How can they be worked?
- What happens with water-tube and fire-tube boilers at very high pressures?
Unit 22
Water-Tube Boilers.
Read and memorize the following expressions:
Hand in hand - одночасно, паралельно
Included tubes expanded - труби, що нахилились, і перейшли у водяні колектори
Front and rear - спереду і ззаду
Steam and water-circulating tubes - парові та водопровідні труби
Read and translate the text.
Water-Tube Boilers
Inherent design features have permitted a much greater development of boilers of the water-tube type than has been possible with fire-tube type. Present-day water-tube boilers are built in small and large capacities even up to single units that produce over a million pounds of steam an hour. Super heaters are used with these boilers to raise the temperature of the steam above saturation temperature to final temperature to final temperature as high as 950 F.
Horizontal inclined straight-tube boilers may have either longitudinal or cross drums and may have either box-headers or sectional headers into which the tubes are rolled.
Longitudinal - drum straight-tube boilers have inclined tubes expanded front and rear into water legs that connect to a horizontal drum parallel to the tubes. Small boilers have one drum. Lager boilers, more than about 14 tubes wide have two or more parallel drums.
Box-type water legs are formed of steel plate riveted together to form boxes about 8 in. deep. The water leg at the high end of the tubes has a flanged semicircular throat so it may be riveted directly to the drums. Sectional - type water legs are sinuous-shaped wrought-steel headers into which usually one vertical row of staggered tubes are expanded. Sectional headers are vertical and each is connected to the drum by one or two short tubes.
Straight-tube boilers usually have 4-in. diameter tubes, but when the header is used 3-in. diameter tubes are employed. Heat transfer is somewhat better with small tubes, but as tube diameter decreases, the number of headers required in a boiler of given surface increases.
Cross drum straight-tube horizontal-inclined boilers have the same arrangement of straight tubes as the longitudinal - drum types but the drum is placed at right angles.
Location of the super heater is largely determined by the desired final steam temperature and plays an important role in the general arrangement of the boiler.
Bent-tube boilers all have one or more top steam drums and a single bottom or mud drum.