3 .Answer the questions:

1. What is the direct system of heating?

2. What method of direct sy stem is cheap in the first cost?

3. When are the direct systems of heating used?

4. Is burning coke suitable for hutments and temporary buildings?

5. What system of heating does include quick response and ventilation effect?

6. Is gas convectors used for background warming and for halls?

7. Are electric fires needed flue?

8. What method is not suitable for large spaces?

9. Where can automatic temperature control easily applied?

10. What are the other forms of direct heating?

4. Try to explain the meaning of the given heating methods using the information you’ve learnt from the text:

1. direct heating

2. electric fires

3. gas convectors

5. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:

1. Direct systems are those in which the is consumed in the to be heated.

2. Direct systems are chiefly used for intermitten or for heating rooms.

3. Electric convectors are most for heating in large

4. No _____where this system is suitable.

5. Open fires is in the first cost.

6. Slow combustion stoves is suitable for and buildings.

7. Other forms of direct heating are and electric overhead radiant _______.

Unit 12

Ventilation and water heating

1. Memorize the following words and expressions:

• The ceiling- стеля

• Small window areas- малі віконні площі

• Back to back- будинки, що збудовані один до одного задніми стінками

• Constituents- складові

• Oxygen- кисень

• Maintenance- утримання, експлуатація

• То require- вимагати

• Enclosed spaces- замкнуті простори

• Healthy condition- стан здоров’я

• Efficient- ефективний

• Scheme- схема

2. Read and translate the text.

Ventilation and water heating

Ventilation of buildings has received increased attention during the last few years. Low ceilings, small window areas, back-to-back houses, and excessive densities are things of the past, and now every person is made to ensure a free circulation of air about buildings for the purpose of efficient ventilation.

Building byelaws prescribe the minimum heights of rooms and amount of open space to be provided in the front and rear of every-building . The size of windows is controlled by the floor area of each room, and usually windows in habitable rooms should be equal to at least one-tenth of floor area. Rooms without fireplaces are to be ventilated to take the place of the chimney flue, which is usually regarded as a good ventilator. Another important clause controls the minimum heights of rooms.

It will be seen, however, that the building byelaws in this respect, are useless unless some control is exercised over the grouping of building units. It і absurd to insist on suitable means of ventilation if it-is permissible to construct buildings close to one another, thereby impeding the circulation of fresh air. It is now impossible to crowd, dwellings together and consequently the byelaws with regard to ventilation have greater significance. The constituents are mainly nitrogen and oxygen and suitable means have to be adopted to ensure a constant supply of air of this composition, for the maintenance of life. From experience it is found that approximately 3,000 cu. ft. of air per person pet hour is required in enclosed spaces in order to maintain healthy conditions. This figure forms a basis for calculating the size of efficient mechanical ventilating schemes.

3. Make up the plan according to the text (not less than 5 points).

4. Say whether the statements are true or false.

1. Now every person is made to ensure close circulation of air.

2. Building byelaws prescribe the minimum heights of rooms.

3. The size of windows is controlled by the least one tenth of floor area.

4. Rooms without fireplace are to be ventilated of the chimney flue.

5. This figure forms a basic for calculating the size of efficient mechanic ventilating scheme.

5. Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue.

6. Answer the following questions:

1. Low ceilings, small window areas, back-to-back houses, and excessive densities are things of the past, are not they?

2. Is every person made to ensure free circulation of air about building?

3. How is the size of window controlled by the floor area?

4. Are rooms without fireplace ventilated to take the place of the chimney flue?

5. Does important clause control the minimum heights of the room?

6. What are the mainly constituents to ensure a constant supply of air?

7. It is approximately 3,000 cu. ft. of air per person per hour need to healthy condition, is not it?