
- •3. Match the words or notions with their definitions.
- •2.Read and retell the text.
- •Initial Definitions
- •3. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
- •4. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •4.Choose the correct answer.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Memorize the dialogues and perform them in pairs.
- •7. Now try to tell the gist of the text in 5-6 sentences. Use the questions from Ex. 5 to help you.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •It is impossible to construct an engine that will work in a complete cycle and produce no other effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of a reservoir.
- •3. You. Are to add to the diagram the necessary information.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Ask the given sentence as many questions as possible.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •3. Complete the sentences.
- •Write down as many questions to the given sentences as possible.
- •Say if the statements are true or false;
- •Heat and work:
- •3. Try to explain the meaning of the given words using the information you’ve learnt from the text.
- •4. Solve the crossword puzzle.
- •5. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.
- •Read the dialogues and dramatize them in pairs.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Explain the difference between heating systems. Fill in the table.
- •5. Complete the following sentences using the english equivalents instead of the Ukrainian words and word-combinations.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Make up sentences with given words:
- •4.Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Supply questions to these sentences.
- •7. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the given words.
- •8. Read and translate the dialogue.
- •2. Read the text. Find the difference between these two systems of ventilation.
- •Vacuum Ventilation.
- •3. Fill in the blank with the necessary words and word-combinations.
- •4. Try to retell the gist of the text in 5-7 sentences.
- •5. Explain the difference between artificial, vacuum and plenum ventilation.
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read (he text, study it. Pay attention to new words.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •6. Read and translate the dialogue..
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text and information in the table.
- •3 .Answer the questions:
- •4. Try to explain the meaning of the given heating methods using the information you’ve learnt from the text:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •7. Try to explain how building byelaws applied to ventilation.
- •1.Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •7. Make up the plan according to the text.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions.
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the questions :
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentence:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the necessary words:
- •1. Read and memorize following words and expressions:
- •2. Read, translate and study the text:
- •2.Scan for the details and circle the correct letter.
- •3.Choosc the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4.Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Make up 5 sentences using following words:
- •5. Make up the plan according to the text, not less than 10 items.
- •6. Fill in the table . Pay attention to the types of the boilers and explain the difference between them.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text:
- •1. Read the text and try to understand the main idea:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •4.Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make the translation of Steam Turbines classifications .
- •3. Answer the questions of the text:
- •4. Is it true or false?
- •6. Make un 5 sentences with following words:
- •7.Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue.
- •7. Fill in the table.
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2.Make the difference between the types of the turbines.
- •3.Ask questions to the sentences.
- •4.Complete the sentences.
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •6.Answer the following questions:
- •7. Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Unit 26
- •2. Read and translate the abstract.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the word-combinations:
- •4.Use the words from Ex. 3 and make up sentences with them.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and memorize the following expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •4.Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word from the brackets:
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Indirect systems
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
ВІННИЦЬКИЙ КОЛЕДЖ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
ХАРЧОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
О.П. РОЖКО
ENGLISH FOR
TECHNICAL STUDENTS
Вінниця – 2012
Рецензент: Осьмірко Г.В. - голова комісії філологічних дисциплін, викладач-методист
Рожко О.П. Engiish for Technical Students: Навчальний посібник,- Вінниця: ВК ВКНУХТ, 2011.- 115с.
Навчальний посібник вміщує добірку текстів та тренувальних вправ. Може використовуватись як основний підручник для студентів третьою курсу спеціальності «Експлуатація теплотехнічного і теплотехнологічного устаткування і систем теплопостачання».
Даний посібник спрямований на поглиблення теоретичних знань студентів, набуття практичних умінь та навичок у спілкуванні іноземною мовою.
О.П.Рожко, викладач іноземної мови
ЗМІСТ
1 Heat. Nature of Heat………………………………………..……..5
2 Unit of Heat. Temperature………………………………….…..…8
3 Unit of Heat. Changes of Phase…………………………..……...11
4 Heat and Work……………………………………………….…..14
5Heat and Work examples…………………………………….…...16
6 Heat a Form of Energy…………………………………….……..18
7 Different Methods of Heating and Ventilation……………….… .22
8 Natural Ventilation………………………………………….…... .24
9 Artificial and Vacuum Ventilation………………………….…… 27
10 Plenum Ventilation…………………………………………...… 30
11 Direct Systems of Heating…………………………………....… 33
12Ventilation and Water Heating……………………………….…. 35
13How Water Supply to Buildings…………………………….….. .37
14Tank and Cylinder Systems………………………………….….. 39
15 Distributing Mains and Pipes…………………………..….…..... 41
16 Туре of Supply. Service Pipes…………………………………. 43
17 Tubing. Tube Connectors and Flexible Hose……………….…...45
18 Pipe Materials………………………………………...………….47
19 Stress Corrosion Cracking…………………………….…………49
20 Welding-Safety Rules……………………………….….………..51
21 Boilers………………………………………………….………...53
22 Water Tube Boilers…………………………………….………...55
23 Steam Engines…………………………………………..………..58
24 Steam Turbines…………………………………………..…….. ..60
25 Hydraulic Turbines……………………….………….….………..63
26 Basic Elements of Hydraulic System…………...…….….………65
27 Elementary Hydraulic Systems……………………….….………67
28 Hydraulic Machines. Water Tap…………………….……………69
29 Hydraulic Machines. Pumps………………………….………......71
30 Future Profession of Heat and Work Technician……..……….....73
31 Texts for Additional Reading…………………………...………..75
32 Second Law of Thermodynamics………………………………...76
33 Steam Engine……………………………………………………..77
34 CIVIL ENGINEERING…………………………………………..78
35 INDIRECT SYSTEMS…………………………………………...79
36 Список використаних джерел……………………….………….80
Передмова
Курс технічної мови передбачає використання набутих під час вивчення попередніх навчальних дисциплін знань, умінь і навичок для їх подальшого вдосконалення та розвитку.
Мета дисципліни - дати майбутнім спеціалістам теплотехнічного фаху знання з англійської технічної мови, розвивати навички усного і писемного мовлення в межах фахової тематики, навчити використовувати набуті знання в практичній діяльності, а також повторити й закріпити лексичний матеріал.
Завдання:
Навчити майбутнього фахівця вільно орієнтуватися в сучасному англомовному інформаційному потоці з метою поглиблення фахових знань та отримання нової інформації;
Удосконалити навички вільного читання й розуміння текстів професійної спрямованості;
Збагатити словниковий запас фаховою термінологією;
Удосконалити комунікативні вміння та навички володіння англійською мовою та формувати власну думку щодо прочитаного;
Навчити реферувати тексти технічного характеру англійською мовою та формувати власну думку щодо прочитаного;
Опанувати лексичний матеріал обсягом 800-1000 лексичних одиниць.
Навчальний матеріал забезпечує мовне опрацювання широкого спектру тем, пов’язаних з теплотехнічними науками.
Unit 1
I term
INTRODUCTION HEAT. THE NATURE OF HEAT
1. Memorize the following words and expressions: heat - тепло
contained - присутній, входити до складу
to some extent — до деякої міри
substance – речовина
to be made up of- складатися з
particle – частка
atom – атом
molecule - молекула, молекулярний
carbon – вуглець
hydrogen – водень
constant – постійний
motion – рух
to result from - відбуватися в результаті (чогось)
to exist – існувати
solid - твердий стан
liquid - рідкий, рідина
gas - газ; газоподібний стан
steam — водяна пара
vapor - пари
rate - інтенсивність, швидкість (характеристика процесу), темп (процесу)
to increase - зростати, збільшуватися; рости; підсилюватися to cause - послужити причиною, приводом (для чогось) a cube of - шматочок
application - застосування, використання, уживання; додаток; застосовність
separation - поділ; розщеплення
to speed up - збільшувати швидкість, прискорювати
volume - обсяг, маса
to expand - розширювати(ся); збільшувати(ся) в обсязі; розтягувати(ся)
to destroy - руйнувати, валити, зносити; ліквідувати; стирати з особи землі
in relation to - відносно; що стосується intense – інтенсивний
2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate the properties of heat in a substance.
Heat. The Nature of Heat
Heat is a form of energy contained to some extent in every substance on
earth. All known elements are made up of very small particles, known as atoms, which, when joined together, form molecules. These molecules are particular to the form they represent. For example, carbon and hydrogen in certain combinations form sugar and in others form alcohol.
Molecules are in a constant state of motion. Heat is a form of molecular energy that results from the motion of these molecules. The temperature of the molecules
dictates to a degree the molecular activity within a substance. For this reason, substances exist in three different states or forms — solid, liquid, and gas. Water, for example, may exist in any one of these states. As ice, it is a solid; as water, it is a liquid; and as steam, it is a gas (vapor).
When heat is added to a substance, the rate of molecular motion increases, causing the substance to change from a solid to a liquid, and then to a gas (vapor). For example, in a cube of ice, molecular motion is slow, but as heat is added, molecular activity increases, changing the solid "ice" to a liquid "water" (Fig. 6-1). Further application of heat forces
the molecules to greater separation and speeds up their motion so that the water changes to steam. The steam formed no longer has a definite volume, such as a solid or liquid has, but expands and fills whatever space is provided for it. Heat cannot be destroyed or lost, However, it can be transferred from one body or substance to another or to another form of energy. Since heat is not in itself a substance, it can best be considered in relation to its effect on substances or bodies. When a body or substance is stated to be cold, the heat that it contains is less concentrated or less intense than the heat in some warmer body or substance used for comparison.
3. Match the words or notions with their definitions.
Heat is ... a. three states.
All known elements are made of.., b. solid, liquid, gas.
Particles are known as ... c. state of motion.
Carbon and hydrogen form ... d. atoms.
Molecules are in a constant... e. very small particles.
Substances exist in three states -. f. a form of energy.
Water may exist in … g. sugar or alcohol
4. Complete the sentences.
Heat is a form of molecular energy ...
When heat is added to a substance ..,
Further application of heat forces ...
The steam formed no longer has ...
Heat cannot be ...
It can be transferred from ...
Heat can best be considered ...
When a body or substance is stated to be cold, the heat that it contains is….
5. Ask as many questions to the given statements as possible.
All known elements are made up of very small particles, known as atoms, which, when joined together, form molecules.
Molecules are in a constant state of motion."
Water, for example, may exist in any one of these states.
6. Answer the following questions.
What is heat?
Does it exist in every substance on earth?
What are all known elements made up of?
What do carbon and hydrogen form in certain combinations?
Molecules are in a constant state of motion, aren't they?
What states of a substance do you know?
What states of water do you know?
What happens to a substance when heat is added?
7.Translate the sentences into English.
Тепло - це форма енергії, яка міститься у кожній речовині на землі.
Атоми формують молекули, коли вони з'єднуються.
Молекули знаходяться у постійному русі.
Речовини існують у трьох різних станах - твердому, рідкому та газоподібному.
Коли ми додаємо тепло до речовини, швидкість молекулярного руху збільшується, спричиняючи зміну стану речовини з твердого у рідкий, а потім у газоподібний.
Unit 2
UNIT OF HEAT. TEMPERATURE
1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
kinetic energy - кінетична енергія
potential energy - потенціальна енергія
average - середній
to measure - вимірювати
to be made up of - складатися з
to relate - відноситись
to double - подвоювати
2.Read and retell the text.
Heat and Temperature
Knowing the difference between heat and temperature is important if one is to have a clear understanding of energy. In this section we will define both terms and reach an understanding of how they are related ideas, but not identical ideas. What follows are some beginnings, and then some links to further explanations and animations.
A Wrong Idea.
Often the concepts of heat and temperature are thought to be the same, but they are not.
Perhaps the reason the two are usually and incorrectly thought to be the same is because as human beings on Earth everyday experience leads us to notice that when you heat something up, say like putting a pot of water on the stove, then the temperature of that something goes up. More heat, more temperature - they must be the same, right? Turns out, though, this is not true.