Literature

1. Jan W.Van Deth. Private Groups and Public Life: Social Participation, Voluntary Associations and Political Involvement in Representative Democracies. New York: Routledge, 1997

2. Jens Hoff, Ivan Horrocks, Pieter Tops. Democratic Governance and New Technology: Technologically Mediated Innovations in Political Practice in Western Europe. London: Routledge, 2000

3. Moyra Grant. The UK Parliament. Edinburgh University Press, 2009

4. Irene Hardill, David T.Graham, Eleonore Kofman. Human Geography of the UK: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2001

5. Harold D. Clarke, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart, Paul Whiteley.

6. Political Choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004

7. Amir Abedi. Anti-Political-Establishment Parties: A Comparative Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2004

8. Francesca Klug, Keir Starmer, Stuart Weir. The Three Pillars of Liberty: Political Rights and Freedoms in the United Kingdom. New York: Routledge, 1996

9. Paul Chilton. Analysing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2004

10. Amie Kreppel. The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: A Study in Institutional Development. Cambridge, England, 2001

11. Rosa MulÉ. Political Parties, Games and Redistribution. Cambridge, England, 2001

Module # 2

Theme IV: “Direct democracy”

Stages of Implementing

1. Begin with outlining the belief of direct democracy which is based on the right of every citizen over a certain age to attend political meetings, vote on the issue being discussed at that meeting and accepting the majority decision should such a vote lead to a law being passed which you as an individual did not support.

2. Outline that part of this belief also is the right of every one to hold political office if they choose to do so.

3. Take into consideration that direct democracy is also believes that all people who have the right should actively participate in the system so that it is representative of the people and that any law passed does have the support of the majority.

4. Prove that Direct democracy gives all people the right to participate regardless of religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, physical well being etc.

5. Argue that only those who have specifically gone against society are excluded from direct democracy

Literature

1. John Haskell. Direct Democracy or Representative Government? Dispelling the Populist Myth. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001

2. Amy Gutmann, Dennis Thompson. Why Deliberative Democracy? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004

3. Robert E. Goodin. Reflective Democracy. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2005

Theme V: “Representative democracy” Stages of Implementing

1. Define that Representative democracies are systems in which citizens elect people to take political decisions on their behalf, on the basis of one person, one vote.

2. Outline that Representative democracies are the form of participation for all but a small minority of citizens is indirect.

3. Figure out the fact in order to safeguard against abuses, the representative must be accountable to the electorate – that is, citizens have the right at regular intervals to make an alternative choice if they are not satisfied with the performance of their representatives.

4. Prove that those who are qualified to vote in elections can also stand as candidates themselves, subject to minimal requirements such as the ability to persuade fellow citizens to nominate them, and to pay a small deposit.