
- •49000, Дніпропетровськ, вул. Рогальова, 8. Contents
- •Іменник
- •Окремі випадки утворення множини іменників
- •Exercises
- •5. Give the plural of the following nouns:
- •6. Make the nouns in brackets plural:
- •7. Give the singular of the following nouns:
- •8. Choose the correct form of the werb to be
- •9. Give the plural of the following nouns if they have it:
- •10. Give the singular of the following nouns if they have it:
- •11. Replace the phrase by the possessive case where possible:
- •Variant 1
- •Variant 2
- •Article
- •Exercises
- •Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •4. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •5. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •7. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •8. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •9. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •10. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •11. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •12. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •13. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •14. Fill in the articles where necessary.
- •Variant 1
- •Variant 2
- •Degrees of comparison ступені порівняння adjective
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate:
- •2.Translate:
- •3. Translate:
- •Test 3
- •Active voice активний стан Відмінювання to be
- •В Future Іndefinite
- •1. Translate:
- •2. Translate:
- •Відмінювання дієслова to have
- •3. Translate:
- •4. Translate:
- •Indefinite
- •Exercise
- •5. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •6. Ask questions as in the models.
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Exercises
- •8. Change the following into the Past Indefinite.
- •9. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •10. Ask questions as in the model.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •Exercises
- •12. Make the following interrogative and negative:
- •13. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite:
- •14. Combine the given sentences as in the model.
- •15. Ask the questions as in the models.
- •16. Translate:
- •Continuous the present continuous tense
- •Exercises
- •17. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •18. Complete these sentences using one of the verbs: get, become, change, rise, improve, fall, increase. You don’t have to use all the verbs and you can use some of them more than once.
- •19. Put the verb in the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
- •Exercise
- •20. Here a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them.
- •21. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.
- •22. Translate into English.
- •Exercise
- •23. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
- •24. Translate:
- •Exercises
- •25. Use the affirmative form of the Present Perfect instead of negative form of the Present Continuous.
- •26. Answer the questions.
- •27. Use the words in brackets to make your questions.
- •28. Translate into English.
- •29. Write “for” or “since”.
- •30. Put the verb in the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect.
- •The past perfect tense
- •Exercises
- •31. Put the verb into a correct form: Past Indefinite or Past Perfect.
- •32. Translate into English.
- •The future perfect tense
- •Exercises
- •33. Put the verb into the correct form: Future Indefinite or Future Perfect.
- •34. Translate:
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •Еxercises
- •35. You have to say how long something happening.
- •36. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •37. Translate into English.
- •39. Translate into English.
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •Exercises
- •40. Replace the infinitives in the brackets by the Future Perfect Continuous:
- •41. Translate:
- •Revision exercises
- •Variant 1
- •Variant №2
- •Variant 3
- •Variant 4
- •Variant 5
- •Variant 6
- •Variant 7
- •Variant 8
- •Final test paper
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Indefinite:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •5. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using for or since:
- •6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect, instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •8. Use the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous:
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Indefinite:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form: Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Past Indefinite:
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:
- •5. Fill the space in the following sentences by using for or since:
- •6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •8. Use the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous :
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Continuous or Present Indefinite:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form: Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form: Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:
- •5. Fill the space in the following sentences by using for or since:
- •6. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •7. Use the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect instead of the infinitives in brackets:
- •9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Continuous:
- •Passive voice пасивний стан
- •Exercises
- •2. Translate:
- •3. Put the verb into correct form:
- •4. A) Fill in “by” or “with”:
- •5. Change the following into the Passive Voice:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Translate:
- •Variant 1
- •Variant 2
- •Subjective infinitive complex
- •It is said that … − He is said to … .
- •9. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined world in your sentence.
- •10. Translate:
- •Causative form
- •Read the situation, then write sentences using the causative form:
- •12. Write sentences in the causative form as in the example:
- •13. A) Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure “have something done”:
- •14. Translate:
- •Sequence of tenses узгодження часів
- •Exercises
- •16. Change from direct to indirect speech:
- •17. Change from direct to indirect speech:
- •18. Change from direct into indirect speech:
- •19. Change from direct into indirect speech:
- •Література
Sequence of tenses узгодження часів
Узгодженням часів в англійській мові називають залежність часу дієслова-присудка підрядного речення від часу присудка головного речення.
Узгодження часів дотримується в підрядних додаткових реченнях, які залежать від головного речення з дієсловом-присудком в минулому часі.
Якщо дієслово-присудок головного речення вживається в одній із форм теперішнього чи майбутнього часів, то в підрядному додатковому реченні вживається час, який вимагається за змістом.
Головне речення |
Підрядне речення |
||
Одночасність |
Передування |
Наступність |
|
Present, Future |
Present Indefinite |
Past Indefinite |
Future Indefinite |
He says that |
he is busy |
he was busy |
he will be busy |
“The car is broken”. The man says that the car is broken.
“He has broken a glass” My sister says that he has broken a glass”.
“I finished it” My sister says that she finished it”
“He will go to the seaside” My brother says that he will go to the
seaside”
Якщо ж присудок головного речення виражений дієсловом в одному з минулих часів або в Present Perfect, то в підрядному додатковому реченні відбувається узгодження часів, тобто дієслово-присудок має бути в одному з минулих часів або в майбутньому з погляду минулого (Future-in-the- Past).
Головне речення |
Підрядне речення |
||
Одночасність |
Передування |
Наступність |
|
Past Ind., Present Perf. |
Past Indefinite, Past Continuous |
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous |
Future-in-the-Past |
I thought that He said that |
you were busy. he was waiting for us that moment. |
you had been busy. he had been waiting the day before from 5 till 6. |
you would be busy. he would be waiting from 5 till 6 the next day. |
REPORTED SPEECH
Зміст прямої мови передається за допомогою підрядного додаткового речення зі сполучником that або без нього чи інфінітивного обороту. Mary says, “I don`t know his address.” – Mary says that she doesn`t know his address.
Changing from Direct into Indirect Speech
Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
“I work hard”, he said. “I am working hard”, he said. “I have worked hard”, he said. “I worked hard”, he said. “I will work hard”, he said. “I have been working hard”, he said. “I am going to work hard”, he said. “I can work harder”, he said. “I may work harder”, he said. “I must work harder”, he said. “I should work harder”, he said. “I ought to work harder”, he said. “You had better help me”, he said. “ You need not do it now”, he said. “Do you work hard enough?” she said to him. “Work harder!” she said to him. |
He said (that) he worked hard. He said (that) he was working hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he would work hard. He said (that) he had been working hard He said (that) he was going to work hard. He said (that) he could work harder. He said (that) he might work harder. He said (that) he had to/must work harder. He said (that) he should work harder. He said (that) he ought to work harder. He said (that) I had better help me. He said (that) I did not need to do it then. He asked him if he worked hard enough.
He told him to work harder. |
a) Як і в укрaїнській мові, особові та присвійні займенники при заміщені прямої мови непрямою змінюються або залишаються залежно від змісту:
She says, “I’ll work in my village”.
She says that she will work in her village.
b) Якщо в словах автора дієслово-присудок виражає минулу дію, то при перетворенні прямої мови на непряму час дієслова змінюється відповідно до правил узгодження часів:
c) При перетворенні в непряму мову наказових речень наказовий спосіб дієслова прямої мови замінюється інфінітивом. У заперечній формі перед інфінітивом ставиться частка not.
The teacher says, “Mary, read this text”. –
The teacher askes Mary to read this text.
Mother says, “Don’t drink coffee in the evening”. –
Mother tells to me not to drink coffee in the evening.
d) При перетворенні прямої мови в непряму деякі змінюються таким чином:
пряма мова непряма мова yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day the day after tomorrow two days later now that moment this evening that evening last week the previous week last year the previous year next week the following week next year the following year today that day ago before here there this that
these those
e) SAY – TELL – ASK
SAY вживається в непрямій мові, якщо немає непрямого додатка після нього.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
“I can fix it”, he said to me. He said he could fix it.
TELL вживається в непрямій мові:
а) за наявності непрямого додатка, що означає особу, до якої звертаються:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
“I can do it”, he said to me. He told me he could do it.
б) якщо після непрямого додатка йде інфінітив(стверджувальний або заперечний):
Direct Speech Reported Speech
He said to me: “Please, don`t go out!” He told me not to go out.
ASK вживається в непрямих питаннях:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
He asked: “Are you OK?” He asked me if I was OK.
f) Питальні речення, відтворені непрямою мовою, називаються непрямими запитаннями. Непрямі запитання мають структуру розповідного речення: в них прямий порядок слів (присудок ставиться після підмета).
При перетворенні прямої мови на непряму загальне запитання замінюється підрядним реченням, яке з’єднується з головним за допомогою сполучників if або whether.
I asked him: “Do you know the boy?” I asked him if he knew the boy.
He asked me: “Have you had lunch?” He asked me whether I had had lunch.
При відтворенні непрямою мовою спеціальних запитань питальні слова (займенники і прислівники) стають сполучними словами:
He said to me: “Why didn`t you come?” He asked me why I hadn`t come.
She asked him: “Where have you been?” She asked him where he had been.