The short content of the lesson

1. The term of “Intercultural communication” was introduced by culture anthropologist Edward Hall and G. Trager in 1954 in their work “Culture and communication”. The main principles of this study were given in Edward Hall’s monograph “The Silent Language” (безмолвныйязык). The study of Intercultural communication has appeared as a result of activity of Foreign Service Institute of USA State Department (1946-1956). The application of intercultural communication studies began post World War II. Its use was originally found within businesses and the government both seeking to expand globally. Businesses began to offer language training to their employees. Government and businesses found that their employees (diplomats) were ill equipped for overseas work in the globalizing market. Programs developed to train employees to understand how to act when abroad. So,inter-and cross-cultural training in businesses was supposed not only to focus on language training but also included focus on culture training. Thus, the Foreign Service Institute of USA State Department invited famous linguists, psychologists and cultural anthropologists, who had to apply theoretical knowledge of culture into practice of communication.

Thus, the term of intercultural communication came from USA and spread all over the world in the middle of 1970s because of great need to live in great diversity of languages, nationalities and cultures. First it was used in the sphere of psychological trainings people for long being and adapting to another culture, adequate reacting it.

The Russian term “межкультурноеобщение» has two analogues in English “intercultural communication” and “cross-cultural communication”. The difference in their usage may be noted in following:

“intercultural communication” means the necessity to learn and adapt to unknown culture for achieving success in the process of communication with its representatives.

“cross-cultural communication” means the psychological and behavioral training of people for communication with people of other nationalities and cultures.

2. Intercultural communication can’t be studied without consideration of such notions as “culture”, “communication”, “language”, “ethnic”, “ extra linguistic knowledge”.

The notion “ethnic” associated with such words as nationality, tribe, people means group of people connected with each other by their origin, language and culture.

The notion “culture” is wider than notion of “language” because not all cultural events and peculiarities got their meaning in language.All these cultural phenomena are known as extra linguistic knowledge.

The term of communication has different analogues in Russian: ОбщениеиКоммуникация.

Sothe term of“intercultural communication” is understood as a process of exchange signs between separate personalities and groups of people which have distinct differences in perception and behavior. These differences influence the character, form, result of communication. The participants of communication bring their cultural peculiarities and further it gets different understanding.

That’s why U.M. Vereshagin and V.G. Kostomarov defined “intercultural communication”as an adequate understanding of two participants who belong to different national cultures.

The main differences which make up the basis of intercultural communication are communication codes, points of view, role interrelations, models of thinking.

The concept of “points of view” includes goal of life, character of life and attitudes to life.

Role interrelations in society are basedon such parameters as age, sex, social position and relative position, power, wealth, knowledge and experience.

Under models of thinking we should understand the character of processing data, received in everyday life including coding, decoding information and grounding the results.

There are three types of model of thinking: logical\analytical (American), holistic (Japan), intuitive (Asian and African people).

Communication codes can be divided into two types: verbal and nonverbal.

Language as a mean of verbal communication is the most obvious and most enduring difficulty in intercultural communication. Individuals gather, give and receive information through language. As language has developed in the context of particular culture, of necessity it reflects that culture.

Nonverbal communication encompasses body motion, including postures, gestures, facial expressions, eye movements; paralanguage; silence, temporal orientation and space zoning.

Questions for discussions:

1.What does intercultural communication mean in Translator’s activity?

2.What notions are basic in understanding intercultural communication in Translator’s activity?

3. What are the main factors differing in intercultural communication?

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh

Student's individual work:

1. Make an individual research of peculiarities of communication in your culture.

Office Hours:

1. Difference between communication in Kazakh, Russian and other foreign languages.

Literature:

1. Касымова Г.М. Культура профессионального общения будущего переводчика. Учебное пособие по спецкурсу. – Тараз, 2004. - С.22-27.

2. Верещагин У.М., Костомаров В.Г. Язык и культура. – М., 1990.

3. Тер-Минасова Т.С. Язык и межкультурная коммуникация. – М., 1990.

KazakhAmericanUniversity HAND-OUTS Discipline – Practical work on Culture of Speech Communication Academic year : 2013-2014 Number of credits – 2 Department “General Education and Humanities” Practical lesson №19-20 Translation Studies Students 2-year “Intercultural aspects of verbal communication» Academic Professor- G.M. Kassymova

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The Outline

1. The definition of verbal communication.

2. Intercultural aspects of verbal communication.

3. Intercultural aspects of lexis: realia, neologisms, lacuna, phrase logical units.