Topic 5

Hospital care with planned and emergency hospitalization

The hospital is not only a medical facility, where people receive comprehensive medical care (both curative and preventive), but also serves as a center for training of health workers and the center of bio-social research. This definition expands the traditional view of the hospital as a place to treat and relieve the suffering of patients.

The development of hospital care in recent years due to the following areas: construction of large general hospitals and rehabilitation of existing ones; creation of specialized agencies or departments in general hospitals; gradual blurring of boundaries in the level and volume of inpatient care provided in rural and urban areas, increasing the level of material technical equipment, specialization and improvement of medical personnel. Hospital beds of the adult population is an average of 13 beds per 1,000 people, children (under 14 years) - 9 beds per 1,000 children.

The organizational forms of inpatient care to the population, the structure of hospitals and their placement depend on the level and nature of illness and age-sex composition of the population, especially the settlement. Medical assistance can be provided in specialized departments of major general hospitals and specialized hospitals (cardiac, cancer, mental health, etc.). Currently, the major hospital facilities are the central, provincial, municipal, provincial and national hospitals. The hospitalization of the population is about 21%.

Modern regional system consists of three groups of hospitals, different size and function. The first group includes hospitals that serve only the local population and carry out local functions. Usually they have a branch in internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics, and infectious diseases endemic to the area.

The second group consists of hospitals that perform intermediate functions and provide specialized assistance to the population over a wide area. They include dermatological, ophthalmologic, otorhinolaryngologic, urological and other offices.

The third group includes large hospitals that perform a local, intermediate and regional functions cover a large area of ​​a wide range of specialized care (modern cancer therapy, breast surgery, cardiologyetc.).

Rural hospitals are separate fourth, group. They play the role of basic health and hospital centers in remote villages.Depending on the type, volume and nature of medical care urban hospitals are divided into general and specialized. By the volume of inpatient facilities are categorizing different (power), and in the system of organization - whether or not combined with a polyclinic.A network of specialized centers and clinics Research Institutes (oncology, surgery, cardiology, pulmonology, nephrology, gastroenterology, microsurgery, specialized children's, etc.). It is important to ensure continuity between the health center and hospital for the purpose of continuity of the diagnostic and treatment process. It is achieved through the exchange of information between doctors clinics and hospital physicians on the state of the sick, the active involvement of hospital physicians to participate in clinical examination, the implementation of joint activities to improve the skills (clinical conferences, consultations, etc.).