- •The stephenson family
- •Read the text putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Past Indefinite Active or Past Indefinite Passive.
- •Translate the text.
- •Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Pay special attention to the words and word combinations in bold and guess their meaning.
- •Goods are still transported by rail.
- •Ventilation in the course of tunneling? c) Why was a smaller bore (диаметр тоннеля)
- •Read the text and translate it with a dictionary if necessary.
- •Find out what caused the Tay Bridge and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge disasters and what materials were used for constructing bridges.
- •Railways
- •Passenger transportation in the usa
- •The battle of the gauges
- •4. Development of american railroads
- •Sleeping cars in the usa
- •Monorail
- •7. Street railway1
- •Building the railroad
- •French transport
- •10.Australian transport
- •11Сhinese railways
- •12.Japanese transportation
- •13. Railroad modernization
- •14.Advances in transportation
- •15.Bridges
- •16. Automation in transportation
- •I. Text the beginning of railway construction in russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.2. Write questions to the underlined parts of the sentences. Discuss the text with the students of your English group. The trans-siberian railway
- •Speech practice exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •Speech practice exercises
- •Crossties
- •Railroad bridges and tunnels
- •Railroad machinery
- •1Text how railroads serve the people
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •Japanese railroads
- •Mark twain in france
- •An absent-minded writer
- •1Text rolling stock
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •2Text types of traction systems
- •A)electric traction
- •B)turbo trains
- •C)track maintenance
- •Unit 4 unit world railroads in the 20-th century
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
Vocabulary
1. charter – привилегия, разрешение
to grant a ~ – выдать, даровать ~
to obtain a ~ – получить ~
2. to grant – передать во владение,
~ federal lands – ~ федеральные земли
~ government loans – ~ денежный заем
3. to carry – перевозить
~ government troops – ~ правительственные войска
~ property – ~ собственность, имущество
~ army and supplies – ~ армию и продовольствие
~ mail – ~ почту
4. rates – тарифы
standard ~ – стандартные, установленные ~
5. to remain in effect – оставаться в силе, действовать
6. disadvantage – недостаток
to be at ~ – находиться в невыгодном положении
7. to face – встретиться, столкнуться
~ the gigantic task – ~ с огромной, сложной проблемой
8. transportation center – транспортный центр, узел
9. competition – соревнование, конкуренция
10. to take over – брать на себя управление,
поглощать мелкие компании
11. a successful run – успешный пробег (поезда)
12. to experiment with – экспериментировать с
13. to mark – отмечать, знаменовать
14. regions – регионы, территории
highly developed ~ – высокоразвитые ~
developing ~ – развивающиеся ~
undeveloped ~ – неосвоенные ~
15. curve – железнодорожная кривая
16. roadbed – дорожное полотно
17. undercarriage – шасси
independent ~ – ~ с независимой подвеской
18. a leading truck – передняя бегунковая тележка
локомотива
19. flexibility – маневренность
20. wheels – колеса
driving ~ – ведущие ~
21. luxury train – роскошный поезд-салон
22. ward – направление движения
west ~ – западное ~
east ~ – восточное ~
north ~ – северное ~
south ~ – южное ~
States Cities, Towns
Alabama Albany
California Baltimore
Louisiana Boston
Nebraska Charleston
New Jersey Chicago
Ohio Hamburg
Pennsylvania New York
South Carolina Philadelphia
Utah
Rivers Mountains
Delaware Rockies
Hudson Sierra Nevada
Mississippi
Missouri
