
- •Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту україни
- •Методичні рекомендації до практичних занять
- •Вступ до методичних рекомендацій
- •Unit I.
- •Introduction to chemistry.
- •I. Language.
- •II Reading
- •Тext a “The science of chemistry”
- •III Language.
- •IV. Comprehension
- •V. Oral speech
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Тext b. Fields of chemistry
- •VII. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text c “States of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution”
- •Text e. The fundamental particles
- •Text f. Energy
- •Text g. Nuclear chemistry
- •Text h. Organometallic compounds
- •Text I. Photochemistry
- •Text j. Problems of chemistry
- •Unit II. Famous chemists and their achievements
- •I. Language
- •II. Reading.
- •D.I.Mendeleyev
- •III . Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice
- •Text b
- •Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky
- •VI. Reading.
- •Supplementary reading. Text d.
- •Text e Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin
- •Text g. Antoine lavoisier
- •Text h .Karl wilhelm scheele (1742-1786, Sweden)
- •Text I .Sir william crookes (1832-1919, GreatBritain)
- •Text j . Niels henrik david bohr (1885-1962, Denmark)
- •Unit III. Liquids
- •I. Language.
- •II.Reading.
- •Text a Liquids
- •III.Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b Water purification
- •Text с how many waters are there on earth?
- •Supplementary reading Text d. Some facts about water
- •Text e. So simple and yet so wonderful
- •Unit IV gases
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •Text a oxygen
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b. How many hydrogens are there on earth?
- •VII. Oral practice.
- •VIII. Reading
- •Supplementary reading Text d. The story of oxygen
- •The Work of Priestley
- •The Liebig Condenser
- •Oxygen - Breathing Stimulant
- •Lime-water Test
- •Industrial Production of Oxygen
- •Text e . Gases
- •Unit V. Polymeric materials.
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •The nature of polymeric materials
- •III. Language.
- •IV.Comprehension.
- •V.Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b.
- •Text c.
- •Supplementary reading Text d .The polymer industry
- •Text e .Plastic glasses
- •Text f . Nylon
- •Text g. The carbon cycle
- •Unit VI petroleum
- •I. Language
- •Exercise 2. Give the initial form of the words and translate them:
- •Exercise 3. Fill in the table the given words.
- •Exercise 4. Form the antonomic pairs.
- •Exercise 5. Find the synonymic pairs.
- •Exercise 6. Translate the following word combinations.
- •II.Reading.
- •Physical properties of petroleum
- •III. Language.
- •Exercise 10. Substitute Ukrainian words for English ones given below : .
- •Exercise 11.Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •Exercise 12.Translate the sentences with the comparative constructions.
- •Exercise 14 .Find definitions to the words in the text:
- •IV. Oral practice
- •V .Reading and Comprehension.
- •Exercise 19. Answer the following questions .
- •Exercise 20. Agree or disagree with the following sentences .
- •VI. Reading and сomprehension. Exercise 22. Read the text c without a dictionary for 4 min. And answer the following questions in your native language.
- •1.What origin has petroleum?
- •Text c “The origin of petroleum”
- •Unit VII
- •I.Language.
- •II.Reading.
- •Text a Air Pollution
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral Practice.
- •VI. Reading and Comprehension.
- •Text b Man and his environment
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •Supplementary reading text c man protects his environment
- •Text d . Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •Unit VIII my future speciality
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •Text a. My Speciality
- •III. Oral Practice.
- •IV. Reading.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •VIII. Reading.
- •Inorganic chemistry
- •Supplementary reading Text d
- •Industrial inorganic chemistry
- •Test e Main group compounds
- •Text f Theoretical inorganic chemistry
- •Text g Characterization of inorganic compounds
- •Text h Synthetic inorganic chemistry
- •Додаток найуживаніші суфікси та префікси
- •Використана література
VII. Reading and comprehension.
Exercise 18. Read the text C without a dictionary for 4 min.
Text c “States of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution”
According to the law of conservation of matter, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Matter can exist in three physical states, namely solid, liquid or gaseous. As a solid it has definite form and volume not easily changed by mechanical force. As a liquid it has no definite volume, but being fluid it takes the shape of its container. A gas has neither definite volume nor shape.
All matter — whether solid, liquid or gas — is made up of very small particles called molecules. Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are still smaller particles. The history of the atom goes back to the time of, the Greek thinker Democritus. He thought that all substances were made up of tiny particles or atoms which could not be further divided. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century that the scientists first established experimentally the atomic theory of the structure of matter. They found that the simple forms of matter were chemical elements which consisted of atoms — inivisible particles of very small size. Then scientists discovered that the atom was further divisible and it was not the smallest thing in the world.
Because atoms are so very small their number must be extremely large. An atom holds a tremendous force hidden in its tiny body.
The atom helps us to fly through the vast outer space. Atomic energy is enabling scientists to study cosmic rays and other phenomena in outer space.
Commentary
neither ...nor ... – ні … ні in turn – в свою чергу
Exercise 19. Fill in the tables.
States of matter
Shape and volume
Structure of matter




Exercise 20. Speak on the states of matter and its structure.
Exercise 21. Characterize the atom using the table.
Structure
properties
application
Exercise 22. Discussion points.
The development of science of chemistry.
Chemistry of today.
Constitution of matter.
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Text D.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE NUCLEI ATOMS
In 1911 E. Rutherford carried out the experiment that showed that most of the mass of atoms is concentrated in particles that are very small in size compared with the atoms themselves. His experiment consisted in bombarding a film of some substance, a piece of metal foil, with a stream of fast-moving alpha-particles, and observing the direction in which the alpha-particles rebound from the atoms.
If the atoms bombarded with alpha-particles were solid throughout their volume, we should expect all of the alpha-particles in the beam to be deflected to some extent. Actually, however, E. Rutherford observed that most of the alpha-particles passed through the metal foil without appreciable deflection.
Later Rutherford found that the heavy nucleus has a cross-sectional area only 0.00000001 as great as the cross-sectional area of the atom, and hence that the diameter of the nucleus is only 1/10,000 as great as the diameter of the atom. The picture of the atom that has been developed from experiments is an extraordinary one. If we could magnify a piece of gold leaf by the linear factor 1,000,000,000—a billion fold—we should see it as an immense pile of atoms about two feet in diameter, each atom being about as big as a bushel basket. Practically the entire mass of each atom would, however, be concentrated in a single particle, the nucleus, about 0.001 inch in diameter, like an extremely small grain of sand. This nucleus would be surrounded by electrons, equally small, and moving rapidly about.