III. Language.

Ex.9. Choose the appropriate ending of the sentences.

1. Today the air is so polluted that it is not always safe to breathe.

• it causes many diseases

• it is very cold

2. Radioactive radon gas may be the biggest potential killer.

• after tobacco smoke

• after pesticides and vinil chloride

3. Pollutants in fabric printing are volatile organic compounds

• in print pastes or inks

• in the dyestuffs and mordants

4. The largest VOC emissions sources are

• the drying oven stacks

• the heated chambers

5. Factory owners of enterprises harmful for environment first of all must

• provide powerful filters to reduce harmful emissions

• be subjected to a tax on the quantity of pollutants.

IV. Comprehension.

Ex.10. Answer the questions:

1. Is it safe to breathe today?

2. What diseases does air pollution cause?

3. Is the air inside a building less polluted than the air outside?

4. What is the simple biggest source of indoor air pollution?

5. What is air pollution caused by?

6. What are the pollutants of the fabric printing processes?

7. What must owners and businessmen managing enterprises harmful for environment provide?

. Ex.11. Agree or disagree with the following sentences .

1. About 10 years ago, the air was clean, pure and perfect for people and animals to breathe.

2. Pollutants traveling around the world in the upper atmosphere may be deposited anywhere as acid rain.

3. Invisible, tasteless, odorless radioactive radon gas may be the biggest potential killer among all environmental hazards.

4. Air pollution is caused by fumes released from cars, trucks, buses, planes and from gases and smoke from factories and plants.

5. VOC emissions to the atmosphere are print paste mineral spirits washed with water from the printing blanket and discharged waste water.

6. The owners of the enterprises harmful for environment first of all must be subjected to a tax on the quantity of pollutants.

V. Oral Practice.

Ex.12. Retell text A according to the plan:

1. Factories that pollute the air outside and inside the building.

2. The biggest environmental health hazards and the diseases that they cause.

3. The pollutants of fabric printing.

4. The ways of cleaning up the air we all breathe.

VI. Reading and Comprehension.

Ex.13. Read and translate text B “ Man and his environment” without a dictionary for 8 min.

Text b Man and his environment

The problem of man and his interaction with the en­vironment has now become one of the difficult problems for many sciences not because it is fashionable but because of its great significance for the whole of mankind. We see at present the signs of ecological imbalance, which may cause a crisis if due measures are not taken.

The air we breathe, the earth we live on and its rivers and seas are becoming polluted with ever more dangerous materials—by-products of man's activities. Man depends for his life on what the biosphere provides: water, oxygen, food, etc. But the biosphere is strongly affected by all sorts of human activities. For example, man creates new compounds, new substances, pure chemical elements which are unknown to biosphere. They do not belong to the natural cycle of matter. They weaken the capacity of natu­ral processes for self-regulation. Though not changing biolog­ically, we change the environment in which we live. The Soviet great scientist Vladimir Vernadsky was the first in the world to realize the necessity for quite a new ap­proach to the biosphere as early as the midforties.

The increasing noise level is a special problem nowadays. We need silence as much as we need fresh air and unpolluted water. Noise does not only do physical damage to the hearer but can weaken his energy and break down his nerves.

Transport is a major source of environmental pollution. Every car consumes many tons of air. Its exhaust gases contain poisonous carbon dioxide which makes difficult the emission of the earth's heat into space. Many cities now are too noisy to live in. Los Angeles in the USA and Osaka in Japan are known to be the air pollution champions among major industrial cities.

Pollutants are not only harmful to health but to build­ings as well. Our cities are dying physically. In most city centres some of the oldest and finest buildings are falling in pieces. On one hand, the foundations are being shaken by all the heavy traffic and, on the other hand, the bricks are being eaten away by fumes from the traffic.. It is a slow process but it is going on even though you can't see it.

One more aspect of the problem is water pollution. Sea- and river-going ships often pollute sea and river water with various oil products. At a rough estimate,⁸ no less than five million tons of oil are discharged into seas and oceans each year and one ton of oil can spread over about twelve square kilometres of the water surface as a fine film which prevents air-water oxygen exchange. One litre of oil makes one million litres of fresh water unfit for drinking. We must stop the contamination of our water­ways which comes from so many sources: chemical waste from factories, thermal waste from power stations, domes­tic waste from cities and towns and so on.

Nowadays the protection of the environment is given government support. In Ukraine environmental protection has become a constitutional principle appearing in the new Constitution of Ukraine. To make state policy more effective the State Committee of Ukraine for Hydro-meteorology and Control of the National Environment was established. It is responsible for the organization of control over sources of pollution.

Notes:

environment — навколишнє середовище

due measures — належні заходи

by-products — побічні продукти

as early as the midforties — ще в середині сорокових років

are falling in pieces — руйнуються

at a rough estimate — за грубими підрахунками

Ex.14. Answer the questions to the text:

1. How do we change the environment in which we live ?

2. What are the main sources of environmental pollution ?

3.What cities are too noisy to live in ?

4. Why are pollutants harmful to people and buildings ?

5. What is water pollution ?

6. What is responsible for the organization of control over sources of pollution ?

Ex.15. Say whether it is true or false. If false, say why. Begin with:

1). I fully/quite agree with you.

2). I can’t agree with you here.

3). To the best of my knowledge.

4). In my opinion.

1. We see at present the signs of ecological balance ,which may cause a crisis if due measures are taken .

2.The biosphere is strongly affected by all sorts of human activities .

3. We need silence as less as we need fresh air and polluted water .

4.Pollutants are not only harmful to health but to buildings as well

5.Sea –and river-going ships seldom pollute sea and river water with various oil products .

6.Nowadays the protection of the environment is given government support .