IV. Comprehension

Exercise 11. Say whether it is true or false , if false say why. Use expressions: You are right, It’s really so, I agree with you; No, it is not so, I’m afraid you are wrong, I can’t agree with you.

1.Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure and properties of matter.

2.The word “chemistry” has an Arab origin.

3.Chemistry deals with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

4.In the 17 th century modern chemistry began with the work of A.Avogadro.

5.In the 19 th century A.Lavoisier introduced the concept of molecules.

6.In 1869 D.I.Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements.

7.The main idea of the Periodic system is the idea of periodic repetition of properties with the decrease of the atomic weights.

8.Distillation, extraction, calcination, coagulation were invented many years ago.

9.Sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, alum, soda, ammonium chloride, niter, compounds of mercury, arsenic and antimony are used in physical work.

10.The future of chemistry is practically limited.

Exercise 12. Answer the following questions:

1. What do you know about chemistry?

2. What does chemistry study?

3. Where does the word chemistry come from?

4. What does chemistry deal with?

5. When did modern chemistry begin?

6. Who introduced the concept of the chemical elements?

7. What did D.I.Mendeleyev discover?

8. What chemists made a great contribution to the world science?

9. What processes were invented many years ago?

10.Why is the future of chemistry practically unlimited?

V. Oral speech

Exercise 13. Speak about chemistry. Use the following plan.

1. The definition of chemistry.

2. The origin of the word chemistry.

3. The great chemist Robert Boyle and his theory.

4. A.Avogadro’s formulation of molecules and Lavoisier’s concept.

5. D.I.Mendeleyev‘s Periodic Law.

6. Great Russian and Ukrainian Scientists.

7. The main compounds and processes.

8. The future of chemistry.

VI. Reading and comprehension.

Exercise 14. Read text B “Fields of chemistry “without a dictionary for 5 min.

Тext b. Fields of chemistry

The science chemistry includes a study of properties, composition and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition which matter undergoes, and the accompanying energy changes. There are more than 30 different branches of chemistry. Some of the better known fields are: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biological chemistry, nuclear chemistry, colloidal chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial chemistry, etc. Inorganic chemistry deals with the study of materials not derived from living organisms. However it now includes all substances other than the hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. The term organic arose from the relationship of this branch of chemistry to organic, or living, matter. But many other “organic” compounds are prepared by chemists in the laboratory. Some years ago chemistry achieved tremendous successes in producing a new type of material, the so-called polymers. It is the product of organic synthesis. These materials possess truly remarkable properties which in some respect are similar to the properties of natural metals. Sometimes synthetic plastics combined with natural elements might have even more valuable properties than natural ones have. Physical chemistry is concerned with these parts of chemistry which are closely linked with physics as for instance, the behavior of substances when a current of electricity is passed through them. Analytical chemistry deals with the methods of separation of purer substances from mixtures, of elements from compounds. Synthetic chemistry deals with the methods by which complex bodies may be built up from simpler substances. Electrochemistry is concerned with the relation between electrical energy and chemical change. Electrolysis may be an example of it. Biochemistry has appeared on the boundaries between biology, and chemistry. The joint work of chemists and biologists promotes further development of science.

Notes:

To derive- походити, виводити

To arise (arose, arisen) - виникати, з’являтися

Tremendous- величезний

To possess- володіти

Separation- відокремлення, роз’єднання

Success- успіх

In some respect- в деякому відношенні

Exercise15. Find the right ending of the sentences.

1. Inorganic chemistry deals with …

1. the study of the properties and reactions of organic compounds;

2. the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions;

3. the study of materials not derived from living organisms.

2. Organic chemistry is …

a) the study of the structure, properties, composition of inorganic compounds;

b) the study of the preparation, understanding of substances;

c) the chemistry of carbon compounds.

3. Physical chemistry is concerned with …

a) the relation between electrical energy and chemical change;

b) the behaviour of substances;

c) changes of state.

4. Analytical chemistry deals with …

a) the methods of separation of purer substances from mixtures;

b) the methods of separation of compounds;

c) the methods of separation of mixtures.

5. Synthetic chemistry deals with …

a) the methods by which simpler bodies may be built up from complex substances;

b) the methods by which complex bodies may be built up from simpler substances;

c) the methods of separation of elements from compounds.

Exercise 16. Agree or disagree with the statements.

1. There are more than 50 different branches of chemistry.

2. Inorganic chemistry deals with the study of materials of inorganic compounds.

3. Some years ago chemistry achieved large successes in producing rubber.

4. Physical chemistry is concerned with these parts of chemistry which are closely linked with physics.

5. Analytical chemistry deals with the methods of separation of the mixed substances.

6. Electrolysis is an example of the relation between electrical energy and chemical change.

7. Biochemistry has appeared on the boundaries between biology and physics.

Exercise17. Answer the questions in your native language.

1. What does the science chemistry include?

2. What branches of chemistry are well-known?

3. What is difference between inorganic and organic chemistry?

4. Why is it necessary to produce polymers?

5. What methods do analytical and synthetic chemistry deal with?

6. How is physical chemistry concerned with physics?