- •Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту україни
- •Методичні рекомендації до практичних занять
- •Вступ до методичних рекомендацій
- •Unit I.
- •Introduction to chemistry.
- •I. Language.
- •II Reading
- •Тext a “The science of chemistry”
- •III Language.
- •IV. Comprehension
- •V. Oral speech
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Тext b. Fields of chemistry
- •VII. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text c “States of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution”
- •Text e. The fundamental particles
- •Text f. Energy
- •Text g. Nuclear chemistry
- •Text h. Organometallic compounds
- •Text I. Photochemistry
- •Text j. Problems of chemistry
- •Unit II. Famous chemists and their achievements
- •I. Language
- •II. Reading.
- •D.I.Mendeleyev
- •III . Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice
- •Text b
- •Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky
- •VI. Reading.
- •Supplementary reading. Text d.
- •Text e Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin
- •Text g. Antoine lavoisier
- •Text h .Karl wilhelm scheele (1742-1786, Sweden)
- •Text I .Sir william crookes (1832-1919, GreatBritain)
- •Text j . Niels henrik david bohr (1885-1962, Denmark)
- •Unit III. Liquids
- •I. Language.
- •II.Reading.
- •Text a Liquids
- •III.Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b Water purification
- •Text с how many waters are there on earth?
- •Supplementary reading Text d. Some facts about water
- •Text e. So simple and yet so wonderful
- •Unit IV gases
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •Text a oxygen
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b. How many hydrogens are there on earth?
- •VII. Oral practice.
- •VIII. Reading
- •Supplementary reading Text d. The story of oxygen
- •The Work of Priestley
- •The Liebig Condenser
- •Oxygen - Breathing Stimulant
- •Lime-water Test
- •Industrial Production of Oxygen
- •Text e . Gases
- •Unit V. Polymeric materials.
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •The nature of polymeric materials
- •III. Language.
- •IV.Comprehension.
- •V.Oral practice.
- •VI. Reading and comprehension.
- •Text b.
- •Text c.
- •Supplementary reading Text d .The polymer industry
- •Text e .Plastic glasses
- •Text f . Nylon
- •Text g. The carbon cycle
- •Unit VI petroleum
- •I. Language
- •Exercise 2. Give the initial form of the words and translate them:
- •Exercise 3. Fill in the table the given words.
- •Exercise 4. Form the antonomic pairs.
- •Exercise 5. Find the synonymic pairs.
- •Exercise 6. Translate the following word combinations.
- •II.Reading.
- •Physical properties of petroleum
- •III. Language.
- •Exercise 10. Substitute Ukrainian words for English ones given below : .
- •Exercise 11.Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •Exercise 12.Translate the sentences with the comparative constructions.
- •Exercise 14 .Find definitions to the words in the text:
- •IV. Oral practice
- •V .Reading and Comprehension.
- •Exercise 19. Answer the following questions .
- •Exercise 20. Agree or disagree with the following sentences .
- •VI. Reading and сomprehension. Exercise 22. Read the text c without a dictionary for 4 min. And answer the following questions in your native language.
- •1.What origin has petroleum?
- •Text c “The origin of petroleum”
- •Unit VII
- •I.Language.
- •II.Reading.
- •Text a Air Pollution
- •III. Language.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Oral Practice.
- •VI. Reading and Comprehension.
- •Text b Man and his environment
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •Supplementary reading text c man protects his environment
- •Text d . Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •Unit VIII my future speciality
- •I. Language.
- •II. Reading.
- •Text a. My Speciality
- •III. Oral Practice.
- •IV. Reading.
- •V. Comprehension.
- •VII. Oral Practice.
- •VIII. Reading.
- •Inorganic chemistry
- •Supplementary reading Text d
- •Industrial inorganic chemistry
- •Test e Main group compounds
- •Text f Theoretical inorganic chemistry
- •Text g Characterization of inorganic compounds
- •Text h Synthetic inorganic chemistry
- •Додаток найуживаніші суфікси та префікси
- •Використана література
VIII. Reading
Exercise 17. Look through text C and say whether the information given in the text similar or different with text A . Say what is the difference.
Text C.
OXYGEN
Oxygen is the most abundant of the elements. It forms one-fifth, by volume, of the air: eight-ninths of the weight of water; and one-half of the total weight of all rocks. Oxygen was discovered in 1774 by Joseph Priestley who obtained it by heating mercuric oxide — a method no longer used because of its expense and its low yield. In industry oxygen is obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air.
Oxygen is a colourless gas, odourless, when pure (the laboratory sample smells slightly of chlorine). It is denser than air and slightly soluble in water. (About 3 ml oxygen dissolve in 100 ml water under room conditions). Upon this slight solubility depends the breathing of all aquatic life.
Oxygen is neutral to litmus, doesn't burn but supports combustion vigorously. The main uses of oxygen depend upon its ability to support life through respiration. Oxygen is used to enrich the air blast during the production of iron from ore in the blast-furnace and the conversion of iron into steel. This produces a higher furnace temperature, an increased yield of iron and steel, and a purer product. Burning apparatus fed with oxygen and acetylene will give a flame with a temperature of about 3,000°C. This flame will melt steel easily. It is used in engineering for welding metal sections together. For small works and factories cylinders of compressed oxygen are most convenient. In engineering works and shipyards where larger quantities of oxygen are used liquid oxygen is delivered and stored in spherical insulated tanks.
The oxygen evaporates from these and the gaseous oxygen is piped to the work sites.
Breathing apparatus in which oxygen supplied by a cylinder of compressed gas is inhaled through a face-mask is used by airmen and mountain climbers at high altitudes, by divers, miners in rescue teams, by firemen entering smoke-filled buildings, and by hospital patients whose breathing is feeble.
Exercise 18. Do you know that:
the human body is over 60 per cent oxygen?
water is nearly 89 per cent oxygen?
in 1774 an English chemist Joseph Priestley prepared oxygen by heating red oxide of mercury?
at about the same time a Swedish apothecary Scheele also prepared oxygen by this method?
— oxygen changes to a liquid when cooled to —183°C?
— oxygen is supposed to appear in the atmosphere as a result of secondary processes, e.g. the vital processes of green plants?
Exercise 19 .Discussion points :
1.The main properties of oxygen .
2. The application of oxygen .
3. The main kinds of hydrogen .
Supplementary reading Text d. The story of oxygen
It is very easy in this modern age to accept, without much appreciation, valuable work which was done quite a long time ago. Two men stand out for their pioneer work on air and oxygen. One was English, Joseph Priestley; the other was French, Antoine Lavoisier.