II Reading

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text A.

Тext a “The science of chemistry”

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

The word “chemistry” comes from the earlier study of alchemy. The majority of historians agreed that the word “chemistry” has an Egyptian origin, based on the ancient Egyptian word Kёme (chem), which means “earth”. So alchemist was called a “chemist” in popular speech, and later the suffix “ry” was added to this to describe the art of the chemist as “chemistry”. Chemistry’s origin goes back to ansient times with the manufacture of bronze, iron, ceramics, and glass.

Chemistry deals with the nature of fire, the structure of water, with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

In the 17 th century modern chemistry began with the work of Robert Boyle. He studied quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it. Later A. Lavoisier introduced the concept of the chemical elements.

In the 19 th century A. Avogadro introduced the concept of molecules.

In 1869 D.I.Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. Mendeleyev’s discovery was called the Periodic Table. The main idea of the Periodic system is the idea of periodic repetition of properties with the increase of the atomic weights.

Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to the world science. Among them, the outstanding Russian chemists M.V.Lomonosov, D.I.Mendeleyev, A.M.Butlerov, academician M.M.Semenov, and Ukrainian chemists A.K.Babko, L.D.Babrivnuk, M.P.Kornilov.

Some of the processes used today in Chemistry were invented many years ago. Those were distillation, extraction, calcination, coagulation. Many of the compounds are used in chemical work. Among these are sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, alum, soda, ammonium chloride, niter and compounds of mercury, arsenic and antimony.

Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry. It is so much a part of our lives. Metals, glass, plastics, paper, soaps, detergents, explosives and perfumes are all made of chemicals. The future of chemistry is practically unlimited.

III Language.

Exercise 8. Find the sentences in the text with predicates in the Passive Voice. Translate the sentence.

Exercise 9. Match words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

A B

1. composition 1. мийний засіб

2. origin 2. сурма

3. to deal with 3. селітра

4. pressure 4. галун

5. calcination 5. засіб від комах

6. extraction 6. походження

7. sulphuric acid 7. тиск

8. hydrochloric acid 8. склад

9. alum 9. мати справу з

10. antimony 10. випал

11. niter 11. добування

12. mercury 12. вибухова речовина

13. insecticide 13. сірчана кислота

14. detergent 14. ртуть

15. explosive 15. соляна кислота

Exercise 10 . Substitute Ukrainian words for English one given below :

1.The word ’’chemistry ’’ comes from the earlier study of алхiмiї .

( chemistry , alchemy , physics )

2.Chemistrys origin goes back to стародавніх часів .

( old times , ancient times , modern times )

3.Chemistry має справу with the nature of fire , with colours , with physical properties.

( involves, deals , exists )

4.A. Lavoisier вводив the concept of the chemical element .

( discovered , represented , introduced )

5.Mendeleyev`s вiдкриття was called Periodic table .

( research , work , discovery )