И.Хайкин

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привлечение инвестиций в промышленное производство — attracting investments into industrial production; на рынке акций приватизированных предприятий — operating in securities markets;

в десятку «Акций года» вошли ценные бумаги объединений, связанных с добычей нефти, газа ... — oil, gas... shares entered The Share of the Year top ten; ...благоприятствующее инвестициям экономическое и информационное пространство, ...многие работающие заводы и фабрики обречены на пополнение списка банкротов — investment-friendly economic and information space, ...many businesses are likely to go bankrupt (bust); смежные — related, neighbouring.

Перспективы роста инвестиций в России

На заседании Консультативного совета по иностранным инвестициям (Foreign investments'advisory committee) было констатировано, что экономическая политика страны как в текущем, так и в последующие годы будет иметь яркую инвестиционную направленность. Общий объем иностранных инвестиций в Россию, включая финансовые, на 2005 г. прогнозируется (forecast,projected) правительственными экспертами в 15 млрд. долл.против 12 млрд. долл. в 2004 г. Кроме того, в 2005 г. предполагается получить значительные прибыли от нефтегазовых проектов, попадающих в рамки соглашения о разделе продукции.

К сожалению,российский топливно-энергетический комплекс остается неустойчивым.Производство нефти и газа за последние пять лет упало на 47% и 7%соответственно. В прошлом году, по данным Госкомстата, Россия добыла порядка300 млн.т. нефти. Прирост добычи природного газа составлял всего 1%, нефти —2%. Выпуск бензина сократился на 5%, первичная переработка нефти уменьшилась на 3%. По данным Центра экономической конъюнктуры (situation)при (under) российском правительстве, вскоре может увеличиться добыча нефти на 0,8%, однако производство всех без исключения нефтепродуктов сократится.

Министр топлива и энергетики заявил, что основой госбюджета останутся налоги нефтяников. В то же время (alternatively) президент «Сибнефти» считает, что если уже сегодня не принять срочных мер по изменению ситуации, то объемы добычи нефти могут снижаться и далее.

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перспективы — prospects, vistas; иметь ... инвестиционную направленность — to target foreign investors; в рамках соглашения о разделе продукции — under the Production Sharing Agreement/Deal; первичная переработка нефти — primary refining.

Тема: Роль перевода в общении

Interpreting: Perils of Palaver

When a Japanese sucks in his breath and tells a Westerner that "your proposal is very interesting and we will consider it carefully" — meaning. in a word, "no!" — what is the honest interpreter to say?

The answer is that the professional interpreter is duty bound to report the words of the Japanese as faithfully as possible. But according to Gisela Siebourg, who regularly interpreted For Chancellor Kohl of Germany, it would also be legitimate for the interpreter to draw his or her client¹ aside after the conversation and explain the complexities of Japanese double-speak.

It would depend on the degree of trust between the client and the interpreter, she said.

This illustrates the need for the interpreter to be taken into the client's confidence, Siebourg said. It also indicates the qualities required of an interpreter — the discretion of a priest in the confessional and the mental subtlety of a professional diplomat. Rule number one for the interpreter, she said, is never to repeat outside a meeting what was learned in it.

Siebourg is a president of the International Association of Conference Interpreters — set up in Paris in 1953 with 60 members, and now including 2,200 members — which is holding its triannual assembly here this week.

The association, which has worked since its inceptionto raise the standing of the interpreters' calling, thinks a lot about such ethical issues. as well as seeking better working conditions for its members.

The profession is at least as old as the Book of Genesis in which Joseph outwitted his brothers by, as the book says, speaking "into them by an interpreter." But the modern practice of simultaneous interpretation through headphones dates only from the post-war Nuremberg trials and the formation of the United Nations.

Before that, even in the League of Nations, speakers had to pause at intervals to allow the interpretation — a process known as consecutive interpretation. This is still the method most often used in tete-a-tete conversations.

The method is not suitable for large modern conferences at which several languages are used simultaneously.

Interpreting often is, but ought not to be, confused with translating. The translator has time and a battery of dictionaries at his or her command in order to find the precise word. The interpreter, by contrast, has to get across the right meaning rather than the exact wording(формулировка) without a second's hesitation. This often requires a deep knowledge of culture as well as language, an ability to understand expression as well as content.

Diplomats such as former Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz of Iraq, who speaks excellent English, often work through interpreters either to conceal precise meaning or to give themselves time to think. In such cases, the interpreter must be careful not to go beyond the speakers' words, even if they make apparently little sense. As Confucius put it. "If language is not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success."

Being used as part of a negotiating ploy again points to the need for the interpreter to be taken into the diplomat's confidence. The interpreters association always tells clients that "if you are not prepared to trust an interpreter with confidential information, don't use one." The failure to provide in advance background information and specialized terminology involved in complex negotiations makes the interpreters' job all the more difficult, Siebourg said.

Several years ago the association — speaking either in English or French, its two working languages — started discussing improved contacts with colleagues in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe when the East was opening up. One difficulty is that the East European languages often contain no terminology to describe many of the private-market terms used in the West.

Russian interpreters also have practice of working from their own language into a foreign language, while most Western interpreters. Siebourg said, prefer to work from a foreign language into their mother tongue.

This avoids the kind of gaffes that can occur with less than intimate knowledge of a language. When Jimmy Carter visited Warsaw in December 1977, for example, he made the mistake of using a Polish-speaking American as interpreter rather than an English-speaking Pole. Siebourg said.

The result is that the interpreter, a State Department contract employee, spoke about sexual lust rather than desire and rephrased Carter's "when I abandoned the United States." The embarrassment was long remembered.

Barry James

• Текст можно использовать для перевода с листа по теме «Переводческая этика».

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sucks in his breath — втягивает дыхание; duty bound = obliged; draw aside — отвести в сторону; double-speak — зд. что имеется в виду (см. "1984" by G.Orwell); to be taken into confidence — завоевать доверие; discretion of a priest in the confessional — такт исповедника; mental subtlety — тонкость ума; to raise the standing of the calling — зд. поднять престиж профессии; Book of Genesis — книга Бытия (Библия); outwitted — перехитрил; to get across — передать; expression as well as content — зд. форму и содержание; ploy — уловка (ср. ловушка); opening up — зд. расширяют связи; gaffe — «прокол», «накладка», «ляп»; lust — похоть (ср. desire); abandoned — покинул, бросил (ср. left).

Topics for discussion

Do you agree with all the ideas concerning interpreter's ethics?

What are the interpreter's main qualities? Do you share the point of view expressed in the text?

Breaking the Language Barrier