15.4. Граматика. Особливості вживання пасивного стану

Речення у пасивному стані в англійській мові вживаються значно частіше, ніж в українській. Підметом речення в пасивному стані може бути прямий, непрямий, а також прийменниковий додаток.

Реченню в активному стані з двома додатками відповідають 2 речення в пасивному стані, наприклад:

The teacher showed us the new book. – We were shown the new book.

The new book was shown to us.

При перетворенні в пасивний стан речення з прийменниковим додатком прийменник залишається на своєму місці – після дієслова:

Everybody were looking at him. – He was being looked at by everybody.

Вправа 5. Перепишіть речення в пасивному стані у 2-х варіантах.

1. They showed him the way to the station. 2. Mother told her the news when she returned home. 3. The company offers us the goods at low prices. 4. The chief has given the workers the detailed instructions. 5. They promised him immediate help. 6. The friends presented her a new smartphone. 7. You will send me all the necessary data. 8. They have given him 2 hours to make his decision. 9. We paid the lawyers $200 for their job. 10. He made her a proposition yesterday.

Вправа 6. Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані.

1. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 2. He published the book last year. 3. Somebody has opened the door and turned on the light. 4. They will answer you in some days. 5. Who wrote this novel? 6. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 7. We have looked for the wallet everywhere. 8. Nobody has visited him. 9. They will have finished the work by twelve. 10. The students are taking the exams now. 11. The nurse is looking after the children.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть речення. Визначте час та стан присудка у кожному реченні.

1. The Nobel Prize was awarded to British scientists for this outstanding discovery. 2. Lasers have been used by communication and building workers, drillers etc. They are also designed to help doctors and scientists in their research. 3. Experts believe that by the end of the decade lasers will have been used in more spheres. 4. When computers were designed they found wide application in industry. 5. Polypropylene resins are being used in films, tubes and hundreds of other industrial articles. 6. Polymers are machined much easier than wood, stone or metal, therefore so much attention is being paid to these man-made materials at present. 7. The construction of the road was being completed when the chief arrived.

15.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 8. Поставте присудок у реченнях в усі форми пасивного стану. Виберіть необхідний індикатор часу: always, often, in 2001, yesterday, at five o’clock tomorrow, in a week, today, by the end of the month, when I came in, by the time of our arrival, at the moment, during the break, just.

1. The articles are translated by Peter. 2. The devices are constructed by our engineers.

Вправа 9. Перепишіть речення у пасивнму станні в 2-х варіантах.

1. The scientists are explaining us the situation on the steel market. 2. He will prove them the possibility of using these materials. 3. The reporter showed the audience the charts and diagrams. 4. She gives me a nice example of creative work. 5. The parents have sent him some money.

Вправа 10. Складіть розповідь про свій вищий навчальний заклад з використанням активних слів та виразів.