Exercises

1 Give Russian equivalents:

binary code, a means of communication, a single machine code instruction, a problem oriented programming language, a particular task, to be run on different types of computers, specification languages, commercial applications programs, efficient and portable, to be converted, CPU, software development tools.

2. Give English equivalents:

искусственный Интеллект, компилирующая программа, машинонезависимый, язык высокого уровня, aссемблер, язык низкого уровня, средства коммуникации.

3. Fill in the gaps with the correct words.

1. A computer ___ is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.

2. Most computer ___ make a plan of the programme before writing it.

4. In the next century computers will be ... in natural languages like English or French.

5. A ___ is a special program that converts a programme written in a high-level language into a programme written in a lower level language.

6. A special programme called ___ converts a program written in a low-level language into machine code.

8. In a ___ language each instruction has a corresponding machine code equivalent.

4. Express agreement or disagreement with the following.

1. The only language computers can understand directly is called English.

2. Machine code consists of the 1s and 0s (binary code) that are processed by the CPU.

3. Symbolic languages can be translated into machine code by using a special programme.

4. Basic languages, in which the program is similar to the machine code version, are known as high-level languages.

5. BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, Ada, С are low-level languages.

6. A higher-level language is a problem oriented programming language, whereas a low-level language is machine oriented.

7. A high-level language is independent of the architecture of the computer which supports it.

8. Basic, a high-level programming language, seems to be very popular today.

5. Complete the sentences:

1. The only language computers can understand ____.

2. Coding is the translation of the logical steps into a programming ____.

3. If the same programme can be used for different computers, it is called ____.

4. Basic languages, in which the program is similar to the machine code version ___.

5. A higher-level language is a problem oriented programming language ___.

6. Programmes written in one of these languages should be ___.

7. С, a high-level programming language, seems to be very popular today ___.

8. At present there is a tendency towards ___.

6. Answer the following question:

1. What is the language that computers understand called?

2. What is a low-level language?

3. What is a high-level language?

4. What is the difference between a low-level and a high-level language?

5. What high-level languages can you name?

6. Why is C, a high-level programming language, most popular nowadays?

7. What is the tendency today?

8. What are scientists working at present?

7. Put the verbs into the correct tense form:

1. The only language computers understand (to be) machine code.

2. Low-level languages (to correspond) to the machine code version.

3. Which languages (to be considered) to be complex and restricted to particular computers?

4. A compiler (to serve) to convert a high-level language into a lower level one.

5. Usually engineers (to use) С to write commercial applications programmes for mini, micro and personal computers.