What can't robots do?

Although it is easy to put a camera on a robot, it is much more difficult to get the robot to understand what is in an image. Most humans have miraculously good vision. We are able to resolve great ambiguity in scenes. It has proved much more difficult to get robots to understand what is in their universe, and machine vision remains one of the big unsolved problems in robotics research.

Rapid advances are being made in robotic control systems, artificial intelligence, neural networks, and in the miniaturisation, sophistication and reliability of electronic circuitry, sensors and actuators. These are all contributing to a steady increase in the capabilities of robots. Robots currently under development may become widely used in the food, clothing, nuclear and offshore industries, healthcare, farming, transportation, mining and defence.

This article is for people interested in the development of robotics.

Remote control is the act of controlling something from a distan

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• not . . . but There are not two but three Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

• neither . . . nor Neither Norway nor Switzerland is in the European Union. Marriage is neither heaven nor hell, it is simply purgatory. (Abraham Lincoln)

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9. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский

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Where did the word robot originate?

The word robot was introduced in 1920 in a play by Karel Capek called R.U.R. , or Rossum's Universal Robots. Robot comes from the Czech word robota, meaning forced labour or drudgery. In the play, human-like mechanical creatures produced in Rossum's factory are docile послушный slaves. Since they are just machines, the robots are badly treated by humans. One day a misguided scientist gives them emotions, and the robots revolt, kill nearly all humans and take over the world. However, because they are unable to reproduce themselves, the robots are doomed to die. However, the sole surviving human creates a male and a female robot to perpetuate their species.

Have people always been fascinated by human-like machines?

The roots of robotics can be traced back to Greek mythology and Jewish mysticism. Several myths from Ancient Greece tell of statues being brought to life. According to Aristotle, the legendary Greek inventor, Daedalus (whose son Icarus flew too close to the sun), created animated statues that guarded the entrance to the Labyrinth in Crete. The Jewish Talmud describes the making of a golem, a clay model brought to life by the chanting of magical combinations of letters from the Hebrew alphabet. A similar idea can be found in medieval alchemy, in which the philosopher's stone was believed to have a life-giving force. Mary Shelley drew upon such traditions in her 1818 novel Frankenstein.

Development, artificial, sophisticated, remote, repetitive, steadier, constrain, vision, replaced, capabilities

12. Building robots involves the… of a wide range of skills

13. Nowadays, the word robot is often applied to any device that works automatically or by …control, especially a machine (automaton) that can be programmed to perform tasks normally done by people.

14. Research has been … by a lack of funds.

15. Experimental architecture and design studio Minimaforms has created a zoo for children where rabbits, ponies and pigs, have been… with robotic “pets.”

16. Robots are really good at …tasks.

17. Although the appearance and …of robots vary vastly, all robots share the features of a mechanical, movable structure under some form of autonomous control.

18. The biggest change in the past five years is how …-guided robotic systems are used.

19. … skin is a product which can be used for temporary or permanent replacement of damaged skin.

20. By introducing a more …control element, the microprocessor, you introduce a significant new tool in solving the robot control problem.

21. Neurosurgeons may one day get help in operating rooms from a robot with movements 10 times than … the human hand to perform delicate brain surgeries.

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Humanoid, aeroplane, quench, recognition, miraculously, ambiguity, precise, muscle, average, neural, actuators

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