2. Вивчіть наступні слова:

ths (скор. thousand) — тисяча

plain [pleɪn] — рівнина

tributary ['trɪbjut(ə)rɪ] — притока

to unify ['jumɪfaɪ] — об'єднувати

mouth [mauθ] — гирло (річки)

outlet ['nutlet] — вихід

heartland ['heutlænd] — важливий район

mineral deposits [dɪ'pɔzɪts] — поклади корисних копалин

range [reind3] — пасмо (гір)

to make strides — робити успіхи

tremendous [trɪ'mendəs] — величезний

to cease [si:s] — припиняти

elections — вибори

3. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання.

1. What is the area of Ukraine?

2. Where is Ukraine situated?

3. How many mountain ranges are there in Ukraine?

4. Where are the large mineral deposits?

5. Why is the Crimea a favourite destination for many people?

6. When did Ukraine achieve independence?

7. What are the democratic changes in Ukraine ?

8. When did Ukraine hold its first presidential elections?

9. Who was the first President of Ukraine ?

10. When did Ukraine hold its first presidential elections as an independent country?

11. What are the key issues to solve facing President Yushchenko?

12. When were the latest elections to Ukraine 's Parliament held?

ІІ. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням.

1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.

SOCIAL THEORY

Social theories are theoretical frameworks which are used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. An essential tool used by social scientists, theories relate to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), as well as the primacy of either structure or agency. Certain social theories attempt to remain strictly scientific, descriptive, and objective. Conflict theories, by contrast, present ostensibly normative positions, and often critique the ideological aspects inherent in conventional, traditional thought.

Тhe origins of social theory are difficult to pinpoint, but debates frequently return to Ancient Greece. From these foundations in Western philosophy arose Enlightenment social contract theory, sociological positivism, and modern social science. Today, “social science” is used as an umbrella term to refer, not just to sociology, but also to economics, political science, jurisprudence, and other disciplines. Social theory is accordingly interdisciplinary; drawing upon ideas from fields as diverse as anthropology and media studies.

Social theory as a discipline. Harrington discusses the etymology of social theory, stating that while the term did not exist in any language before the twentieth century, its origins are ancient and lie in two words; “social” from the Latin socius and ‘theory’ from the Greek theoria. Social theorizing aided the Greeks in making sense of their lives, and in questioning the value and meaning of things around them.

Social theory as a distinct discipline emerged in the 20th century and was largely equated with an attitude of critical thinking, based on rationality, logic and objectivity, and the desire for knowledge through aposteriori methods of discovery, rather than apriori methods of tradition. With this in mind it is easy to link social theory to deeper seated philosophical discussions to assure the responsibility in every human also.