1. Буквенні, наприклад: d.C. (постійний струм), e.M.F. (електрорушійна сила)

2. складові - radsta = radio station (радіостанція)

3. Усічені слова - amp. (ampere); ‘copter (helicopter - гелікоптер)

4. Змішані скорочення, що складаються з букв, складів, цифр

H-bomb - Hydrogen bomb (воднева бомба) radar - radio détermination and ranging (радар, радіолокаційна система);

Laser - light amplification by stimulated émission of ra- diation (лазер, квантовий генератор).

Нині спостерігається зростання кількості термінологічних скорочень - це пояснюється прагненням стисло передати поняття в мові техніки. Зазвичай у кінці кожного словника є список скорочень і умовних позначень, якими потрібно користуватися при перекладі.

Measures, Weights and Parameters

Geometric progression. Powers and roots An Indian legend says: prince Sirahm was so pleased with the invention of chess, that he offered the inventor of chess any reward he might wish. The inventor asked 1 wheat seed for the first square of the chess-board, 2 seeds for the second square, 4 for the third and so on, doubling the number of seeds for every subsequent square. The prince agreed. But the quantity of wheat gathered from all the country was far from the required number. The prince got angry, he never thought his land to be so poor not to be able to satisfy such a modest wish. Mathematicians were called to help.

The quantity of wheat for every square on the board was calculated and it was discovered that the inventor couldn’t receive his reward because of the lack of wheat.

Now let us count with them how much wheat had to be gi- ven to the inventor. There are 64 squares on the chess-board. The number of seeds for the 64 squares is equal to the sum 4 of the following series of numbers:

S=l+2+2²+2³+2⁴+...+2⁶²+2⁶³.

After the transformations of the equality we receive the formula S=2⁶⁴ - 1 to solve which it is necessary to find the power of 2^s4.

It may be done by multiplication by 2 according to the formula:

2⁶⁴=2*2*2*2 (64 factors), or 2⁶⁴=[(2¹⁶)²]²=(65,536²)² and the final number of seeds according to the formula: S=2⁶⁴-l will be equal 18,446,744,073,709,551,615. This enormous number of seeds, spread over the surface of the earth, would form a layer of wheat of 9mm thick.

Such a series of numbers each term of which, beginning with the second, is equal to the product of the preceding one and some number constant for this series is called a geometric progression.

When a number is used a certain number of times as a factor, the product is called a power of the number.

When 2 is used twice as a factor, the product is the second power of 2 or the square of 2, if used three times then the product is the third power, or the cube, four times - the fourth power of 2, n times or any number of times the rath power of 2.

x³ (x cube) means x*x*x. The number 3 is called an index or an exponent of the power, the letter x is the base of the po- wer. 3³=3x3x3=27. This equality expresses an operation know in mathematics as involution.

The operation by means of which the base may be found according to a given power and the exponent of that power is called evolution and is expressed follows: квадратний корінь(49) ,

i. e. the square root of 49. The square root of 49 is 7, since

7²=49 and (-7)²=49.

The root of the third degree (or cube root) of 64 is 4, since 43=4x4x4=64. The number n, indicating the degree of a root is called the index of the root. The symbol is called the radical sign or the sign of the root.

The operation by means of which the exponent of a power may be found according to a given power and a given base is called finding the logarithm of the given number.

Temperature scales — Температурні шкали

	FAHRENHEIT[F] [Фаренгейт]	CENTIGRADE [C] [Цельсій]
Boiling point (точка	212	100
кипіння)	194	90
	176	80
	158	70
	140	60
	122	50
	104	40
	86	30
	68	20
	50	10

Freezing point (точка	32	0
замерзання)	14	-10
	0	47.8
Absolute (абсолютний	-459,67	-273,15
нуль)

Temperature scales — Температурні шкали Weights and Measures ~ Системи Bar та Вимірів Metric System — Метрична система:

Metric - Метрична	Length - довжина	GB & US - Великобританія та США
10 millimetres (mm)	= 1 centimetre (cm)	=0.3937 inches (in) (дюйма)
100 centimetres	= 1 metre (m)	=39.37 inches або 1.094 yards (yd) (ярда)
1000 metres	= 1 kilometre (km)	= 0.62137 miles або близько 5/8 mile (милі)
	Surface - Площа
100 square metres (m2)	її 1 are (a)	= 0.0247 acres (акрів)
100 ares	= 1 hectare (ha)	= 2.471 acres (акр)
100 hectares	= 1 square kilometer (km2)	= 0.386 square miles (квадратні милі)
	Weight - Bara
10 milligrams (mg)	= 1centigram (eg)	= 0.1543 grains (грана)
100 centigrams	= 1 gram (g)	Si 15.4323 grains (грана)
1000 grams	=1 kilogram (kg)	= 2.2046 pounds (фунтів)
І000 kilograms	= 1 tonne	= 19.684 cwt (хандрвейта)
	Capacity - Об’єм
1000 millilitres	= 1 litre (1)	= 1.75 pints (пінт) (2.101 US pints) (америк. пінта)
10 litres	=1 Idecalitre (dl)	= 2.1997 gallons (2.63 US gallons) (америк. галон)