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  1. Below you will find an extract and its computer trans- lation. Make all necessary corrections in the translation.

LNG isn’t inflammable all by itself and statements in sense of: “LNG tankers are sailing bombs” are not correct, because LNG is not inflammable so it cannot explode. Proof for this are many incidents that happened (major LNG leakage, damages as the result of the bad weather, sea collisions), and still in all these incidents tanker with all its content never exploded.

LNG легко не запалюваний все безпосередньо і опера-тори в значенні: Танкери “LNG йдуть під вітрилами бомби” не правильні, тому що LNG легко не запалюваний, так що це не може висаджувати. Доказ для цього - це багато випадків, які трапилися (головний витік LNG, пошкодження як результат погана погода,

колізії моря), і все ще у все цих танкер випадків зі всім ніколи не скасованим вмістом.

Check yourself!

If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 168. Congratulations!

Liquid aggregate state

J.Gas steam emission

Gas reception

Extremely low temperature products

Poster presentation

Waste disposal

Production stages sequence

Safety standard issues

Energy resources amount

Well bottom surface

Uncontrolled gas flow rate

Carbon dioxide content decrease

Task 7. Ecological and Environmental Impacts

  1. Word usage and common errors.

  1. Control = guide, regulate, or restrain: “Who will control the station if the manager falls sick?” Inspect= check or exa- mine.

Y Nobody wanted to inspect my luggage.

X Nobody wanted to control my luggage.

  1. Control something (verb) but control over something (noun)

Y These people want control over this pipeline.

X These people want to control over this pipeline.

  1. Pronunciation practice.

Burn, emission, ash, expect, generation, believe, escape, prevent, explore, concern, impact, habitat, disturb, substance, odor, explosion, investigate, affect, oscillation, reason.

  1. Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?

Emission, especially, electricity, tank, horizontal, compa- ny, pilot, global...

  1. Read and translate the text.

Natural gas certainly burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels. It has fewer emissions of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen than coal or oil, and when it is burned, it leaves almost no ash particles. Being a clean fuel is one reason that the Use of natural gas, especially for electricity generation, has grown so much and is expected to grow even more in the future.

Of course, there are environmental concerns with the use of any fuel. As with other fossil fuels, burning natural gas produces carbon dioxide which is a very important greenhouse gas. Many scientists believe that increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere are changing the global climate.

Also, as with other fuels, natural gas also affects the environment when it is produced, stored and transported. Because natural gas is made up mostly of methane (another greenhouse gas), small amounts of methane can sometimes leak into the atmosphere from wells, storage tanks and pipe- lines. The natural gas industry is working to prevent any methane from escaping. Exploring and drilling for natural gas will always have some impact on land and marine habitats. But new technologies have greatly reduced the number and size of areas disturbed by drilling, sometimes called “foot- prints”.

Satellites, global positioning systems, remote sensing de- vices, and 3-D and 4-D seismic technologies make it possible to discover natural gas reserves while drilling fewer wells. Plus,

the use of horizontal and directional drilling makes it possible for a single well to produce gas from much bigger areas than in the past.

Natural gas pipelines and storage facilities have a very good safety record. This is very important because when natu- ral gas leaks it can cause explosions. Since raw natural gas has no odor, natural gas companies add a smelly substance to it so that people will know if there is a leak. If you have a natural gas stove, you may have smelled this “rotten egg” smell of natural gas when the pilot light has gone out.

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