Check yourself!

If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 120. Congratulations!

Problem solution
Actual climate change
Pipe system
Gas flow rate
Methane deposits
Coalbed gas density
Salt dome structure
Rail road transport line
Production (exploration, appraisal) well depth
Oil heating oven
Infrastructure objects construction
Newspaper article

Task 3. Natural Gas Processing

1. Word usage and common errors.

Manage =control or be in charge of (a business);

Arrange = make plans or preparations.

Y I will arrange for the magazine to be sent to you every month.

X I will manage that the magazine is sent to you every month.

Y I was told that you might manage to repair it.

X I was told that you might manage repairing it.

Attention! Words with the sound [k], like cut, may be spelt k-, like key, or qu- like queen,

Quality, quantity, qualify, queer, quest, question, quarter, quarrel, quarantine, quick, quiet, quota, consist, carbon, cru- de, mercury, coke, kelp, keep, klip.

2. Pronunciation practice.

Process, purify, extract, fractinators, consume, residen- tial area, raw natural gas, amount, by-product, refer, acid, mercury, membrane, available, gain, accept, select, absorption, solvent, apply, distillation.

3. Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?

Residential, commercial, industrial, consumers, typically, hydrocarbon, molecule, collectively, condensate, helium...

4. Read and translate the text.

Natural gas processing plants,

o

NATURAL GAS USE

Pipeline

r fractionators, are used to purify the raw natural gas extracted from underground gas fields and brought up to the surface by gas wells. The processed natural gas, used as fuel by residential, commercial and in- dustrial consumers, is almost pure methane and is very much different from the raw natural gas.

Raw natural gas typically con- sists primarily of methane (CH₄), the shortest and lightest hydrocarbon mo- lecule. It also contains varying amo- unts of:

• Heavier gaseous hydrocarbons: ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), normal butane (n-C₄H_1Q), isobutane (i-C₄H₁₀), pentanes and even higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. When processed and purified into finished by- products, all of these are collectively referred to NGL (Natural Gas Liquids).

• Acid gases: carbon dioxide (C0₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and mereaptans such as methanethiol (CH₃SH) and ethanethiol (C₂H₅SH).

• Other gases: nitrogen (N₂) and helium (He).

• Water: water vapor and liquid water.

• Liquid hydrocarbons: perhaps some natural gas conden- sate (also referred to as casinghead gasoline or natural gaso- line) and/or crude oil.

• Mercury: very small amounts of mercury primarily in elementary form, but chlorides and other species are possibly present.