X. Fill in the words given below and speak about the ways of gas wells classification. To classify, drilled (3), determined, used, characterized, known, reached, were, established, placed

Another way gas wells is by their purpose in

contributing to the development of a resource. They can be as:

• production wells are primarily for produ-

cing oil or gas, once the producing structure and characte- ristics are ;

• appraisal wells are to assess characteris-

tics (such as flow rate) of a proven hydrocarbon accumulation;

• exploration wells are purely for exploratory

(information gathering) purposes in a new area;

• wildcat wells are based on a large element of

hope, in a frontier area where little is about the

subsurface. In the early days of oil exploration in Texas,

wildcats common as productive areas not yet

. In modern times, oil exploration in many

areas has a very mature phase and the chances of

finding oil simply by drilling at random are very low, and

much more effort is in exploration and appraisal

wells.

XI. Categorize the active wells and fill in the table. Reference list: Gas producers, Water injectors, Aquifer producers, Gas injectors

Oil producers	They produce predominantly liquid hydrocarbons, but mostly with some associated gas.
	They produce almost entirely gaseous hydrocarbons.

	Water is injected into the formation to maintain reservoir pressure or simply to dispose water produced with the hydrocarbons because even after treatment, it would be too oily and too saline to be considered clean for dumping overboard, let alone into a fresh water source, in the case of onshore wells. Frequently water injection has an element of reservoir management and produced water disposal.
	Intentionally produce reservoir water for re- injection to manage pressure. These wells will generally only be used if produced water from the oil or gas producers is insufficient for reservoir management purposes. Using aquifer produced water rather than sea water is due to the chemistry.
	They inject gas into the reservoir often as a means of disposal or sequestering for later production, but also to maintain reservoir pressure.

XII. Dictate the text to your groupmate and correct mistakes together.

To cap a well, specialists must remove all the damaged equipment around the exploded wellhead, using bulldozers and special vehicles called Athey wagons to clear the area. Removing the debris allows the oil flow and fire to shoot straight up in the air as opposed to spraying in different di- rections. This allows firefighters to inspect the well closely and determine the best course of action. Normally the flow is left burning to minimize ground pollution and burn off any poisonous gases. Meanwhile, the firefighters begin to cap the well.