- •Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України' як навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів (лист №1.4/ 18-г-2865 від 24.12.2008р.)
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2
- •Передмова
- •Бажаємо успіхів у навчанні! Part I petroleum and gas unit I
- •Section 1. Basic course Task 1. Oil (Petroleum). Origin and Natural Occurrence
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pore -
- •Convention - Environment -
- •Combustion — Aqua –
- •Organ -
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Check yourself!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Recognize the headword in the list of word-combina- tions and find the translation in your dictionary.
- •Give facts from the text to prove the following.
- •Recognize the necessary translation of the word according to the context. Find in the text more words which are identical in spelling but differ in basic meaning.
- •Fill in the gaps. Choose for each sentence one from the pair of words given below.
- •Make up sentences.
- •X. Word play. How many English words beginning from the proposed letter can you find in the text?
- •XI. Answer the questions.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your score is 24. Congratulations !
- •Task 3. Exploration and Drilling of Wells
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the adjectives? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Match the definitions on the right with the words on the left.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Find in the text the following word-combinations. Do you remember their translation?
- •Join the beginning and the end of the sentences. Choose the right variant.
- •Choose the necessary word in italics.
- •Which word is different? Why?
- •It is interesting to know that...
- •Correct the computer translation of the text.
- •Reference
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your score is 36. Congratulations!
- •Task 4. Composition of Oil
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •II. Pronunciation practice.
- •Read and translate the text. Make up the list of the words that can be joined under the headline “Oil and its com- position”.
- •Find the translation in the reference list. Recognize international words. One word translation is missed. Which one?
- •Recognize the headword in the list of word-combinations and find the translation in your dictionary.
- •Fill in the table.
- •Make up questions to the sentences.
- •Find in each sentence the word(s) which should not be there. How quickly can you find it?
- •X. Translate into English.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 48. Congratulations!
- •Task 5. Products of Oil Recycling
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text. Write a few lines saying what products of oil recycling are the most useful and why.
- •Fill in the missing letters and read the extract.
- •Gasoline || Vapors
- •Reformer
- •Naphtha
- •Medium Weight Gas Oil
- •Alkylation
- •Cracking
- •Heavy Gas Oil
- •Residuum
- •Distillation Tower
- •This simplified drawing shows many of a refinery's most important processes.
- •Industrial Fuel Asphalt Base
- •End Products
- •Check yourself!
- •Task 6. Transportation, Storage and Discharge of Oil Products
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •XIt is an interesting magazine with too many good ideas.
- •Y There are as many advantages as disadvantages.
- •X There are as much advantages as disadvantages.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Oil depot
- •Fill in the gaps. Choose from the words given below.
- •Join the parts of two sentences together and read the piece of information. Airports
- •Make the right choice: adjective or adverb?
- •Fill in the missing letters and read the extract. What is the meaning of the underlined words?
- •Make up questions to the answers.
- •Recognize the headword in the list of word-combina- tions and find the translation in your dictionary.
- •Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones and discuss your answers.
- •Check yourself!
- •Task 7. Oil Transport at Sea
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice. Read the words and underline the adverbs.
- •Make up word -combinations with the preposition of or using possesive case.
- •Seas/world - seas of the world
- •Match the beginning and the end of the sentences and read the extract.
- •. ..Draw the oil from the cargo tanks.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •Product tankers
- •From the list of possible cargoes choose and underline the possible cargo for product tanker.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Make up six sentences beginning with It is probable that... Or It is evident that...
- •Guess the words and make up the crossword.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 84. Congratulations!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read and translate the text which is given in tables. Choose the title to each part of the table. Possible variants: Oil spills, Extraction, Global warming
- •True or false?
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •Impacts on biota
- •Make up sentences and put them into negative form.
- •Put in the correct verb form.
- •Fill in the necessary (simple, comparative or super- lative) form of adjective or adverb.
- •Prepare the current paper or presentation illustrating oil pollution and its impact on environment. Possible topics for presentations:
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 96. Congratulations!
- •Section 2. Additional reading
- •Oil Wells — Pages of History
- •Crude Oil Refinery
- •Ecological and Environmental Impacts Birds
- •Mammals
- •Air pollution
- •Carbon dioxide release
- •Oil spills
- •Arctic ecosystems
- •Offshore oil ,
- •Unit II
- •Section 1. Basic course
- •Task 1. Gas. History and Development
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Below you will find and extract and its computer translation. Try to make necessary corrections.
- •Word play.
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be, you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text. Find in the text words closely related to the topic “Extracting natural gas from earth and sea”.
- •Guess the missing word and fill in the table.
- •Give the term for definition.
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •What kind of information is this (scientific article, advertisement, extract from the lecture, newspaper article, etc.)? Recognize cardinal and ordinal numerals.
- •Make up sentences and speak about the types of oil and gas wells.
- •Double or single? Fill in the missing letters (if necessary) and read the extract.
- •X. Fill in the words given below and speak about the ways of gas wells classification. To classify, drilled (3), determined, used, characterized, known, reached, were, established, placed
- •XI. Categorize the active wells and fill in the table. Reference list: Gas producers, Water injectors, Aquifer producers, Gas injectors
- •XII. Dictate the text to your groupmate and correct mistakes together.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 120. Congratulations!
- •Task 3. Natural Gas Processing
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Read formulae and find elements.
- •Find in the reference list the derivatives of the words.
- •Translate and recognize the headword or root of the word. Use the following word combinations in the sentences of your own.
- •Look through the stages of gas processing and answer the by-questions.
- •Describe the stages of raw gas processing in your report to the class. Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 132. Congratulations!
- •Task 4, Natural Gas Storage
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Define the meanings of the adjective with the nouns on the right. Translate the resulting combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Guess the missed word, translate the extract, and ans- wer the question.
- •S or c? Fill in the missing letters, read the extract, and answer the question. Aquifer Re...Ervoir
- •Insert necessary prepositions or conjunctions, trans- late the extract, and answer the question. (To, of, unless, over, for, within, by, down, into, until, with) Salt Formation
- •Comment on the advantages of using lng facilities over underground storage. Use information given in the table below.
- •Put in the correct verb form.
- •Translate into English.
- •Analyse the ways of gas storage and prepare the in- class science fair report and presentation of your science project. Give an oral presentation on the content of your science project.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 144. Congratulations!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be, you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Write the numbers in words.
- •Make up sentences putting the verb in a due form and fill in the table with usual pipeline quality standards.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Answer the questions.
- •Put in the missing words.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 156. Congratulations!
- •Task 6. Liquefied. Natural Gas
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •X The company provides a three months training course.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Give the definition to the following:
- •Define the meanings of the noun with the adjectives on the right. Translate the resulting combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Fill in the missing letters, make up the question and answer it.
- •Write down the dictation and correct yourself. Write the numerals in words.
- •Choose the correct verb in each sentence.
- •Below you will find an extract and its computer trans- lation. Make all necessary corrections in the translation.
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 168. Congratulations!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Do you recognize the international words? Translate, please. May be you will find more of them in the text?
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Which word is different? Why?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 180. Congratulations!
- •Section 2. Additional reading How Do We Get Natural Gas
- •Description of a Natural Gas Processing Plant
- •Measures and Definitions
- •Depleted Gas Reservoir
- •Future of Storage Technology
- •Part II pipelines unit III
- •Section 1. Basic course Task 1. Piping. Pipeline Transport
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •True or false?
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Check yourself!
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 192. Congratulations!
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •P ronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and answer the questions at the beginning of the passages. Pipelines
- •Is it possible to construct the pipeline in Antarctica nowadays?
- •Make up and translate word — combinations choosing from the words given under the table.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Choose the necessary word and read the sentences.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Learn the definition by heart.
- •What is a Pipeline?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 204. Congratulations!
- •Task 3. What is the Difference between Oil and Gas Pipeline?
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words.
- •Make up word combinations.
- •Make up questions to the answers.
- •True or false?
- •Fill in the gaps and read the extract.
- •Complete the sentences using information in the right — hand column.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 216. Congratulations!
- •Task 4. Pipeline Components
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words. Pipeline components
- •Find the meaning of the words in the right-hand co- lumn.
- •What element of the pipeline network is this? Guess, please.
- •Translate into Ukrainian and make the report on the topic. Pipeline Design
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 228. Congratulations!
- •Task 5. Pipelines Classification
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Look through these descriptions and give the words they describe. Try to improve the incomplete descriptions.
- •Fill in prepositions and translate the sentences. Of, at, with, from, to, in, of, for, between
- •Газопроводи газорозподільної мережі бувають
- •Choose the correct word. In these sentences there are some words which you do not know. Guess what they mean and explain them to each other.
- •Read and translate the text; draw the table of oil pipe- lines classification.
- •Reproduce this piece of information filling in the right letter. Gas pipelines
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary tense form. Don’t forget about Passive Voice. Offshore (submarine) pipelines
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Fill in the gaps with: to transport, be transported, transported. Pipelines for transporting other fluids
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 240.Congratulations!
- •Task 6. Pipeline Operation
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Translate the international words and find more of them in the text.
- •Read and translate the text. Underline adjectives and adverbs in the text.
- •Find the meaning of the word and the antonym (if any) in the right — hand columns.
- •Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the necessary tense form. To perform, to send, to direct, to shut, to need, to operate, to monitor
- •Answer the questions.
- •Make up sentences from the given words.
- •Study the picture and read the sentences in the right order.
- •Study the material and prepare the report. Business of Pipelines
- •How Do Oil, Natural Gas and Products Move Through a Pipeline?
- •How Are Pipelines Operated?
- •How Are Pipelines Monitored?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 252. Congratulations!
- •Task 7. Leak Detection Systems
- •Word usage and common errors,
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •True or false?
- •Make up the titles of the scientific articles.
- •Single or double? Fill in the missing letter if necessary.
- •Task 8. Safety. Ecological and Environmental Impact
- •Word usage and common errors
- •Pronunciation practice. Read and translate the words.
- •Read and translate the text. Find in the text and discuss the leading causes of pipeline failures. Safety
- •Fill in the table using the list.
- •Find the word in the list of letters and complete the word combination.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Translate into English.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 276. Congratulations! You have finished the basic course.
- •Section 2. Additional reading
- •Oil Pipelines
- •Water and Sewer Lines
- •Pneumatic Pipelines
- •Capsule Pipelines
- •Permafrost
- •Activities
- •Post-construction Activities
- •Installing valves and fittings
- •Post-construction
- •Pipeline Technology
- •Glossary
- •Exploration
- •Production
- •Measures
- •Environment
- •Pipelines
- •Appendix Scientific Research and Business Proceedings
- •Academic Conference
- •2. Congress at a Glance
- •I. Choose the conference or workshop you want to attend.
- •What message is this? Read and guess.
- •For those who need an invitation letter, send an e-mail to registernow@conferencemanagers.Com with the following information, in English, by February 6. 2010:
- •Fill in the registration form.
- •Imagine that you are one of the participants of the congress (conference). Speak about yourself in more details (age, place of birth, family, scientific interests, place of work, etc.).
- •Read the announcement.
- •Be acquainted with the sightseeing program for you and accompanying person. Special Sightseeing Program (Social events)
- •Study the topical words. Recreational activities
- •Arrival and departure
- •Translate the sentences.
- •Fill in the hotel reservation form.
- •Translate the announcements.
- •Find in the Internet the official blank of invitation. On behalf of the congress committee invite your group mates to take part in the congress (conference) using e-mail.
- •Types of Scientific Publications
- •Understanding and Using the Scientific Method
- •Scientific Journal
- •Types of articles
- •Electronic publishing
- •Forms of Academic Teaching
- •Etymology
- •Іменник (The Noun)
- •Число (Number)
- •Запозичені форми множини іменників
- •Вживання іменника у функції означення
- •Прикметник (The Adjective)
- •Прикметники, які утворюють ступені порівняння не за загальним правилом
- •Прислівник (The Adverb)
- •Займенник (The Pronoun) Особові займенники (Personal Pronouns)
- •Неозначені займенники (Indefinite Pronouns) Займенники some, any. No. Every і їх похідні
- •Числівник (The Numeral)
- •Дієслово (The Verb) Дієслово в особовій формі має граматичні форми часу (tense) стану ( voice) і способу (mood ). Часи групи Simple (Simple Tenses)
- •Часи групи Progressive (Progressive Tenses)
- •Часи групи Perfect (Perfect Tenses)
- •Дієслова to be, to have, to do та їх функції The verb to be
- •The verb to do
- •The verb to have
- •(Conditionals)
- •Неособові форми дієслова (Verbals) Інфінітив (The Infinitive)
- •Дієприкметник (The Participle)
- •Прийменники (Prepositions)
- •Сурядні сполучники
- •2. Підрядні сполучники
- •Прості - design (конструювання, проект), circuit (ланцюг), voltage (напруга).
- •Складні - flywheel (маховик), fail-safe (надійний, безпечний).
- •Терміни-словосполучення - electric motor (двигун), hydraulic hammer (гідравлічний молот).
- •Resistivity Microheterogeneity Measuring Unit - установка для вимірювання мікронеоднорідностей питомого опору;
- •The measuring unit incorporates a transistorized current generator. - у вимірювальному блоці розташований генератор струму, зібраний на напівпровідниках;
- •Standard Abbreviations for Units - стандартні скорочення одиниць вимірювання.
- •Буквенні, наприклад: d.C. (постійний струм), e.M.F. (електрорушійна сила)
- •Усічені слова - amp. (ampere); ‘copter (helicopter - гелікоптер)
- •Змішані скорочення, що складаються з букв, складів, цифр
- •Measures, Weights and Parameters
- •Avoirdupois Weight — Андійська система
- •Troy Weight - Тройська система
- •Apothecaries’ Weight — Аптекарські ваги
- •Linear Measurements — Лінійні міри
- •Square Measurements — Міри площини
- •Cubic Measurements — Міри Об’єму
- •Surveyor’s Measurements — Топографічні міри
- •Nautical Measurements — Морські виміри
- •Apothecaries’ Fluid Measurement – Аптекарські міри рідин
- •Circular or Angular Measurements — Виміри кута і кола
- •Btu Content of Common Energy Units
- •Vocabulary Unit I
- •References
- •Contents
- •Contents
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •Isbn 978-966-194-025-2 2
- •I.A.Vereitina
- •04071, М. Київ, вул. Олегівська, 36, оф. 310 Свідоцтво про реєстрацію №1289 від 20.03.2003 Тел. 463-64-06, тел./факс 462-48-63 e-mail: vd_slovo@ukr.Net
Vocabulary Unit I
Verb |
Translation |
Noun |
Adjective /adverb |
Thesaurus |
|
оточення |
ambiance |
ambient |
atmosphere, feel, setting, ; environment |
|
штучний |
|
artificial |
reproduction, synthetic^ e simulated, imitation, man-made |
approximate |
наближати (ся) |
|
approximate/ approximately |
guess, assess, reckon, value, appraise, estimate |
boil |
кипіти |
boiler |
boiling |
|
|
свічка |
candle |
|
|
|
берегова лінія |
coastline |
|
|
|
спалах |
combustion |
combustible |
ignition, fire, burning, incineration |
|
стислий, короткий |
compendium |
compendious |
|
define |
визначати |
definability defmer |
definable /definably |
describe, outline, express, state, explain, term |
dig |
копати |
digger |
|
break up, plow, turn, tunnel, excavates prod |
dissolve |
розчиняти |
dissolver |
dissolvable, dissolvent |
dissipate, dispel, disperse, melt away, evaporate, vanish |
drill |
свердлити |
drill |
drilling |
bore, make a hole, pierce, puncture, penetrate |
|
додатковий |
|
excess |
extra, additional, surplus, spare, superfluous, leftover |
extract |
видаляти |
extraction |
extracting |
take out, remove, haul out, pull out, dig out, dig up, mine |
float |
плавати |
floatability |
floatable |
sail, swim, drift, glide, tread water |
flush |
бити струменем |
flusher |
flushable |
clear, wash out, swill, cleanse, rinse, flood |
gain |
заробляти, отримувати |
gain |
gainable |
get, achieve, acquire, obtain, secure, collect |
get rid of |
позбавлятися |
riddance |
|
avoid |
haul |
тягнути |
hauls |
|
tow, drag, pull, lug, tug, heave |
include |
включати (в себе) |
inclusion |
includable |
contain, comprise, take in, embrace, consist of |
inject |
вприскувати |
injection |
injectable |
vaccinate, inoculate, shoot up (slang), insert |
insulate |
ізолювати, відділяти, захищати |
insulation |
insulated |
protect, shield, cut off, isolate, separate, segregate antonym: expose |
|
нестача |
lack of |
|
shortage, scarcity, deficiency, absence, unavailability antonym: excess |
|
вапняк |
limestone |
|
|
monitor |
контролювати перевіряти |
monitor monitorship |
monitorial /monitorially |
check, watch, observe, keep an eye on, supervise |
occur |
траплятися |
occurance |
occuring |
happen, take place, befall (archaic or literary), arise |
|
такий, що знаходиться на відстані від берега, офшорний |
|
offshore |
international, cosmopolitan, transnational, global, worldwide antonym: national |
operate |
працювати |
operation |
operable |
function, work, run, activate, go, control, manage, trade, run, organize |
ply |
працювати наполегливо |
|
|
work, practice, pursue, carry out, exercise, wage, carry on |
prove |
доводити |
provability, proof |
provable /provably |
demonstrate, verify, evidence, attest, bear out, substantiate, ascertain (formal), corroborate, uphold, support, sustain, establish, confirm |
recognize |
розпізнавати |
recognition |
recognizable /recognizably |
know, identify, distinguish, make out, be familiar with, be aware of, be acquainted with, be on familiar terms with, diagnose, spot |
release |
випускати |
releaser |
released |
let go, free, discharge, liberate, let loose, leave go of, emancipate antonym: hold |
|
віддалений, дистанційний |
remoteness |
remote /remotely |
isolation, seclusion, distance, solitude, inaccessibility antonym: closeness |
|
|
revise |
виправляти перевіряти змінювати |
reviser, revision |
revisory, revisable |
amend, modify, adjust, alter, change, correct, improve, rework |
|
|
rush |
кидатися, мчатися |
rusher |
rushed |
hurry, precipitate, hasten, hustle (informal), dash, bolt |
|
|
saturate |
насичувати |
saturation |
saturated |
oversupply, overwhelm, overload, flood, inundate, overfill, fill |
|
|
scoop |
свердлити, копати, вичерпувати |
|
|
dig, hollow, scrape, shovel, excavate, gouge antonym: fill |
|
|
|
осад |
sediments |
sedimentary |
residue, deposit, dregs, remains |
|
|
sophisticate |
підроблюват и, навчати життю |
sophisticate |
sophisticated/ sophisticatedly |
educate, school, mold, acculturate, tutor |
|
|
spill |
розливати |
spill |
|
fall, drop, tip out, spill out, drip, leak |
|
|
|
джерело |
spring |
|
source |
|
|
|
речовина |
substance |
substantial /substantially |
material, matter, ingredient, constituent, element, stuff, body |
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suggest |
пропонувати |
suggestion |
suggestive |
propose, put forward, advise, recommend, advocate, submit |
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змінюваність |
volatibility |
volatile/ volatilely |
unstable, precarious, dangerous, hazardous, explosive, changeable antonym: stable |
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свердловина |
well |
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spring, fountain, fount (literary), source, water supply, fountainhead, wellspring |
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Unit II
Verb |
Translation |
Noun |
Adjective /adverb |
Thesaurus |
absorb |
всмоктувати, поглинати |
absorption |
absorbing |
amalgamation, incorporation, assimilation, combination, inclusion antonym: rejection |
achieve |
досягати |
achievement |
achievable |
attain, realize, accomplish, reach, complete, do, succeed, triumph antonym: fail |
allow |
дозволяти |
allowance |
allowable |
let, permit, agree, consent, tolerate, countenance (formal), sanction antonym: forbid |
associate |
зв ‘язувати, |
association |
associated |
accompanying, concomitant, supplementary |
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печера |
cavern |
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необроблений |
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crude |
raw, unrefined, unprocessed antonym: refined |
deposit |
відкладати |
deposit |
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put, put down, set down, leave, place, drop, dump antonym: remove |
detect |
знаходити |
detection |
detective |
notice, sense, become aware of, perceive, spot, distinguish, identify, discover |
emerge |
з’являтися |
emergence |
emergent |
appear, come out, surface materialize, come into view, come into sight antonym: disappear |
flare |
спалахувати |
flare |
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flame, blaze, flicker, flash, flare up, sparkle, bum |
improve |
покращувати |
improvement |
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enhance, build up, better, perfect, expand, further, enrich, upgrade, increase, develop antonym: deteriorate |
I incur |
піддаватися (чомусь) |
incurrence |
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sustain, meet with, encounter, experience, suffer, come in for |
invent |
винаходити |
invention |
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create; creation, discovery, development, origination |
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насичений розчин кухонної солі |
leach |
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leak |
витікати |
leakage, leak |
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escape, seepage, leakage, outflow, drip, trickle |
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худий, поганий, виснажений |
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lean |
thin, slender, slim antonym: stout |
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1 oscillate |
коливатися, вібрувати |
oscillation |
oscillating |
waver, hesitate, vacillate, run hot and cold, fluctuate |
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prevent |
запобігати |
prevention |
preventing |
stop, avert, avoid, foil, check, put a stop to, inhibit, counteract, block, ward off antonym: encourage |
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produce |
виробляти |
production |
productive |
make, create, manufacture, construct, fabricate, bring into being, generate |
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promote |
підтримувати, сприяти |
promotion, promoter (активатор) |
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advance, further, put forward, raise, upgrade, elevate antonym: demote |
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pull |
тягнути |
pull |
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drag, draw, heave, haul, tow, lug, cart antonym: push |
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purify |
очищати |
purification |
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cleanse, disinfect, sanitize, decontaminate, clean, get rid of impurities, filter, refine, distill, sterilize antonym: contaminate |
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remove
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видаляти |
remover |
removable |
take away, get rid of, eliminate, do away with, take out, confiscate antonym: add |
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пласт
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пласт |
seam |
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layer, join, joint, stratum, vein |
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швидкість |
velocity |
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speed, rate, rapidity, swiftness, 1 pace, haste, quickness |
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withdraw |
видаляти |
withdrawer |
remove,take out, extract, pull out, draw, take away, antonym: insert |
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Unit III
Verb |
Translation |
Noun |
Adjective /adverb |
Thesaurus |
accept |
приймати |
acceptance |
acceptable /acceptably |
receive, take, agree to take, admit antonym: refuse |
accompany |
супроводжу вати |
accompani ment |
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escort, go with, go together with, go along with, attend, convoy |
add |
додавати |
addition, additives |
addable |
insert, put in, adjoin, append, affix, attach, include antonym: delete add up, add together, total, combine, tally, tally up, count up, count, tot up antonym: subtract enhance, complement, improve, augment (formal), increase, supplement, swell, enlarge, intensify antonym: detract |
apply |
використову- вати відноситися |
application |
appliable |
use, operate, put into operation, employ, utilize, direct, harness, be relevant, relate, be appropriate, be valid, pertain, affect, concern |
challenge |
викликати, заперечувати |
challenge, challenger |
challenging/ challengingly |
confront, defy, brave, face up to dare, defy, throw down the gauntlet, test dispute, contest, object to, question, argue, oppose |
collect |
збирати |
collector, collection, collecting |
collective |
gather, amass, assemble, accumulate, bring together, pull together antonym: disperse store, accumulate, treasure, save, hoard, amass, stockpile |
compare |
порівнювати |
comparison |
comparative compara-tively |
contrast, evaluate, assess, measure up, match up to, weigh against, put side by side, balance, judge liken, associate, link, relate, equate |
compute |
рахувати |
computer, computation |
computing |
calculate, work out, total, add, subtract, multiply, divide antonym: estimate |
consider |
вважати |
consideration |
considerably |
think through, mull over, reflect, deliberate, contemplate, take into account, ponder, chew over, weigh up, study, cogitate (formal), ruminate think, believe, deem (formal), judge, regard as respect, bear in mind, care about, take into consideration, count antonym: disregard |
constitute |
складати, встановлювати |
constitution |
constitutive |
set up, establish, found, create, institute, start, organize antonym: disband comprise, make up, form, compose, represent amount to, represent, add up to, signify, total, equal |
construct |
будувати |
construction |
constructive |
build, make, create, put up, erect, raise, assemble, fabricate, fashion, form antonym: knock down compose, put together, create, structure, piece together antonym: take apart |
cross |
перетинати |
cross |
crossing |
traverse, go across, crisscross, cut across, span, intersect, overlap, cross over thwart, frustrate, impede, oppose, obstruct, resist, annoy, foil, vie, circumvent antonym: assist |
damage |
ушкодити |
damage |
damaging |
injure, harm, spoil, hurt, smash up, break, dent, scratch, wound, mar, ravage antonym: repair |
deliver |
доправляти, поставляти, позбавляти |
delivery |
deliverably |
bring, transport, carry, distribute, send, convey, supply, provide antonym: take away set free, release, rescue, save, liberate, free. antonym: capture produce, provide, supply, dispense, serve, give, present. |
distribute |
розподіляти, поширювати |
distribution |
distributive |
deliver, supply, circulate, spread out, spread, disperse, disseminate, scatter |
encounter |
стикатися, заперечувати |
encounter |
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meet, come across, bump into, run into, come upon, stumble upon, chance upon face, confront, contend with, grapple with, combat, do battle with, clash with antonym: avoid |
enhance |
підвищувати, ускладнювати |
enhancement |
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improve, augment (formal), add to, increase, boost, develop, enrich, heighten |
ensure |
забезпечувати, запевняти |
ensurement |
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follow, succeed, supervene (formal), follow on, result, arise antonym: precede result, follow, proceed, arise, derive, develop, stem antonym: precede |
expand |
розширюва- тися) |
expansion |
expansible |
get bigger, make bigger, enlarge, increase, swell, inflate, spread out, open out, develop, grow, magnify, multiply antonym: contract |
extend |
простягати (ся), поширю- ватися) |
extension |
extensive |
spread, spread out, range, cover, encompass, outspread continue, reach, stretch, go on, run on, run, go, carry on |
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make bigger, expand, enlarge, make longer, lengthen, widen, broaden, pull out antonym: curtail prolong, stretch out, drag out, lengthen, postpone, delay, put off, spin out antonym: cut short increase, expand, widen, broaden, add to, develop |
feed |
вводити, поставляти |
feeder |
feeding |
nourish, provide for, nurse, suckle, breast-feed, serve, nurture antonym: starve eat, consume, devour, partake, swallow, support, sustain, nourish, nurture, encourage, maintain, strengthen, bolster |
fit |
підходити/ приладдя |
fitting |
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match, suit, correspond, tally, install, put in, provide with, add, mount, fix, equip, supply measure, tailor, size, take in, take up, let out |
float |
плавати, проноситися |
float |
floating, floaty |
drift, glide, hover, soar, hang, lift antonym: drop sail, swim, drift, glide, tread water antonym: sink propose, suggest, put forward, promote, offer, present antonym: reject |
handle |
управляти |
handle |
handling |
touch, finger, feel, hold, move, pick up control, deal with, run, cope with, conduct, carry out, see to, get to grips with, treat manage, operate, supervise, carry out, run, conduct trade in, sell, deal in, market, import, export |
manage |
управляти, керувати |
manager |
managing |
achieve, accomplish, succeed, be able to, bring about antonym: fail cope, fare, get on, do, get by, get along make do, survive, muddle through antonym: give up run, direct, administer, supervise, be in charge, oversee, operate, govern handle, deal with, control, cope with boss, control, master, discipline, dominate |
manufacture |
виробляти |
manufacturer |
manufacturing |
build, assemble, construct, produce, create, turn out, make, form, fashion, fabricate |
mine |
видобувати |
mine |
mining |
excavate, quarry, dig, extract, unearth, dig out, hew, burrow, drill, scoop |
operate |
працювати, керувати |
operation, operator |
operative |
function, work, run, activate, go, control, drive, maneuver, use manage, trade, run, work, organize, carry out, direct, carry on, conduct |
perform |
здійснювати, виконувати |
performance |
performing |
do, carry out, achieve, make, act upon, complete, accomplish, execute, implement present, act, play, put on, stage, do, enact, impersonate function, work, behave, act, go, run, operate, react |
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вічна мерзлота |
permafrost |
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plough |
продвигати (ся), пахати |
plough (plow) |
ploughing |
persevere, plug away (informal), persist, soldier on, plow through, plow on, keep your nose to the grindstone, stick to antonym: give up |
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вертикальний |
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plumb |
vertical; exactly, utterly |
prevent |
перешкоджати, запобігати |
prevention |
preventive |
stop, avert, avoid, foil, thwart, check, put a stop to, preclude (formal), inhibit, counteract, block, ward off antonym: encourage |
reach |
простягати, доходити (висновку), зноситися |
reach |
reachless |
touch, stretch, get hold of, grasp, get (informal), extend go, move, feel, fumble, lunge, dive, grasp, grab arrive at, get to, attain, make, achieve, accomplish, turn up influence, touch, affect, inpact on, get to, speak to, . sway, move contact, get in touch with, get through to, get hold of, make contact with, get a message to, connect with, access, catch, communicate |
refer |
посилатися, дізнаватися |
reference |
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mention, denote, talk about, bring up, speak of, raise, state, comment on, discuss signify, mean, indicate, suggest, insinuate, stand for, represent, imply, denote, describe |
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apply to, relate to, concern, belong, be relevant to, connect with consult, check, turn to, look up, examine, search antonym: ignore send to, direct to, pass on to, consign to, turn over to, ; deliver to, hand over, transfer |
rely |
покладатися, сподіватися |
reliability |
reliable |
depend on, bank on, count on, trust, be sure of, be dependent on, have faith in, put your faith in, be certain about, have j confidence in antonym: distrust |
remove |
пересувати, відсувати, усувати |
removal |
removable |
take away, get rid of, eliminate, do away with, eradicate, take out, confiscate antonym: add take off, detach, cut off, amputate, disconnect, strip off, subtract, delete |
repair |
ремонтувати |
repair |
repairable |
overhaul, mend, patch up, restore, j dam, put back together, get working again, fix |
require |
потребувати |
requirement |
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need, necessitate, want, have need of, call for, entail, involve; |
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oblige, compel, demand, make, expect, command, force |
respond |
відповідати, реагувати |
response, responsibility |
responsible |
reply, answer, retort, answer back, rejoin, return react, act in response, take action, counter, act, act on antonym: ignore |
schedule |
планувати |
schedule |
scheduled |
arrange, plan, program, book, slate, reserve, organize, list, timetable antonym: cancel |
store |
зберігати |
storage |
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put away, stow, keep, deposit, put in storage, warehouse, stockpile |
suppress |
придушувати, подавляти |
suppression |
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hold back, repress, stifle, restrain, contain, curb, stem, smother, check, keep in check, control, block out, cover up, conceal, keep inside, bottle up, hide antonym: express overpower, overwhelm, overturn, conquer, defeat, destroy, subdue, quash, quell, crush, put down, clamp down on, control, dominate, squash, overcome antonym: submit |
surround |
оточувати |
surroundings |
surrounding |
enclose, encircle, encase, enfold, envelop, border, contain, circumscribe, encompass, ring, girdle (literary), bound besiege, lay siege to, encircle, hem in. |
transmit |
передавати, відправляти |
transmission |
transmitting |
put on the air, send out, put out, broadcast convey, hand on, communicate, spread, diffuse, conduct, pass on, transfer |
treat |
обробляти, лікувати |
treatment |
treating |
behave toward, act toward, regard, consider, think of, deal with, handle care for, take care of, doctor, nurse, minister to, cure, heal, remedy pick up the check, pick up the tab, pay for, pay the bill, give; indulge, spoil, pamper, make a fuss of deal with, go into, discuss, handle, touch on, talk about, talk over, talk of, consider, take up, be concerned with |
waste |
марнувати, |
waste |
wasting, |
blow (slang), |
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виснажувати |
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wasteful |
squander, fritter away, misuse, dissipate, throw away antonym: save ravage, devastate, ruin, spoil, despoil, destroy atrophy, wither, become emaciated, waste away, weaken antonym: strengthen |