Lipid peroxidation PLANTS SHORELINE WATERS URBAN AREAS
Aleksey L. Kornilov1, Galina A. Petukhova 1
Tyumen State University, 625003, The Russian Federation, Tyumen region, Tyumen, Pirogov street, 3 phone: 8(3452)64-07-24
E-mail: lelik_tgu@mail.ru
Abstract
A study of the content of lipid peroxidation products in plants coastline some reservoirs of Tyumen. Established anthropogenic influence on the content of primary and final products of lipid peroxidation in plants shoreline waters of Tyumen. Under conditions of prolonged anthropogenic pollution of urban water bodies and coastal areas the content of lipid peroxidation products in the studied plants studied reservoirs are not higher than plants with a reservoir with low anthropogenic pressure (South Pond ) . The exceptions were two plant species (broadleaf plantain and broadleaf cattail) coastlines two ponds (ponds and springs Crystal Lesnoy ), one of which has the highest pollution (pond Crystal springs) of the studied reservoirs. Shows great sensitivity of coastal plantaina broadleaf plants and broadleaf cattaila of coastal water, as it is in these plants were increased concentrations of the primary products of lipid peroxidation .
Key words: broadleaf plantain, white clover, broadleaf cattail, katniss, roundfruit rush, diene conjugates (DC), Schiff base (SB).
Introduction
Urban environment is influenced by a large number of contaminants and anthropogenic factors. To date, the central problem of environmental safety is industrial pollution that affects the state of ecosystems of water bodies. Because plants are immobile and are often located on the shoreline of water bodies that are best suited for monitoring the state of the coastal and coastal- water areas of urban water bodies.
Plants are often faced with adverse environmental impact , which in turn cause the accumulation in plant tissues of reactive oxygen species and trigger oxidative processes (oxidative stress). One of the indicators of cell membrane damage due to oxidative stress is the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) [1, 2].
In the urban environment are subject to change primarily biochemical and physiological characteristics of plants. The degree of damage to the plants mainly depends on two factors - the concentration of the toxic substance, and duration of its effect [3].
One of the adverse effects of lipid peroxidation as a result of oxygen radicals and subsequent disruption of polyene acids, considered to be the formation of primary and intermediate products of lipid peroxidation (conjugated diene and malondialdehyde, respectively). In turn, this aldehyde forms a Schiff base with amino groups of proteins, resulting in the formation of insoluble protein - lipid complexes, which are sometimes referred to as "pigments wear" (lipofuscin).
Effect of adverse factors, in particular substances polluting the soil, the plants shown in the change in the concentration of the primary products of lipid - diene conjugates and secondary products of lipid - Schiff bases.
Purpose - analysis of anthropogenic influence on the content of primary and final products of lipid peroxidation in plants shoreline waters of the city of Tyumen.
Materials and Methodology
Concentration of diene conjugates and Schiff bases were determined by a spectrophotometer according to standard procedures [4].
Determination of conjugated diene. To detect the concentration of diene conjugates in 0.2 ml of plant extract was added 4 ml of "heptane- isopropanol" (1:1) and shaken for 10-15 minutes on a laboratory shaker. Further, the tube was added 1 ml of HCl (pH 2) and 2 ml of heptane and shaken vigorously after sedimentation and demixing into phases (which takes 20-25 min) selecting upper heptane layer which is used to determine a conjugated diene it by degree of light absorption at a wavelength of 233 nm. As a control sample, a sample containing an extract of plant instead of 0.2 ml of water and subjected to all the above types of treatment.
Calculation of the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation produced in relative units of the formula:
D233 on 1 ml solution = (D233* Vэг) : Vэр = (D233*4) : 0.2,
where D233 – optical density test sample at 233 nm in arbitrary units per milliliter (conditional units./ml),
V heptane extract = 4 ml – the final volume of a heptane extract,
V plant extract = 0.2 ml – volume of plant extract taken.
Determination of Schiff bases. To detect the concentration of Schiff base powdered sample of the plant material (P, in g) with a small quantity of Na2SO4 was placed in a test tube, 4 ml of heptane - isopropanol (1:1) and shaken for 10 minutes. Then added 1 ml of HCl (pH 2.0) and 2 ml of pure heptane. Again shaken and allowed to stand for 20 minutes. Thereafter the upper layer was collected, its measure the volume (V, ml ) and the measured optical density of the samples (D samples) and pure heptane (D heptane) at a wavelength of 365 nm in a spectrophotometer for the "control" sample , which is prepared as well as other but instead of the plant extract was added an equal volume of water. Schiff bases concentration (C, conventional units on 1 milligram of lipids (conditional units/mg)) was calculated using the formula:
С = (Do – Dг) , where
C – concentration of Schiff bases;
Do – Optical density of the samples;
Dг – optical density of pure heptane.