Translation skills служебные слова

Exercise №4

as – выступая в качестве союза, переводится: 1) когда, в то время как, по мере того как; 2) так как; 3) как, в качестве. После прилагательного в предложении с инверсией имеет уступительное значение и переводится: хотя, как ни; в сочетании с прилагательным и наречием – так же…как, такой же…как. Другие сочетания: as well as – а также;as if – как будто, как если бы; so as – (с тем) чтобы, так чтобы; as it is – (в начале предложения) как бы то ни было, в действительности, можно сказать; (в конце предложения) уже и так, без того; as it were – как бы то ни было; as to (for) - что касается.

1. As China's economy grows ever bigger, more and more companies, industries and economies will be sucked into its orbit, just like Australia.

2. The sector, which accounts for about 10% of Japan's total exports, saw a 22.1% slump from March 2010, as car manufacturers had to cut production and idle plants because of electricity shortfalls and supply chain disruptions in the wake of the disaster.

3. Demand, especially in China and India, should continue to strengthen as these countries require more steel, food and fuel.

4. As prices rise quickly in Australia's booming industries and regions, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) can meet its inflation target only if prices elsewhere fall.

5. But now, with the euro as an alternative, the fear is of a sudden shift in the global monetary system, with investors switching quickly from one currency to the other.

6. Exports of merchandise rose by two-thirds from 2000 to 2008, according to the WTO, as did trade in commercial services.

7. Airlines face heavy investments in new aircraft to modernize their fleet to improve fuel efficiency and to meet demand as well as higher growth rates forecast for the long term.

8. The one unworried head in this storm, at least until now, has been American consumer, who still shops as if there was no tomorrow.

9. The Fed was probably as surprised by the economy’s strength as were private forecasters.

10. Defeating deflation will be hard enough as it is.

11. Could Germany be turning into Singapore? Odd as the question may seem, it is seriously preoccupying economists observing the seemingly unstoppable ascent of the euro against the dollar.

12. As the effects of the US slowdown spread throughout the world, some OPEC members are calling for a further cut of up to 1m barrels a day.

Exercise №5

For – 1) в качестве союза переводится на русский язык: так как, потому что, ибо; 2) в качестве предлога – а) за, ради; б) для; в) в течение, на какой-либо срок; г) из-за, по причине, вследствие; д) за, вместо; и др.; for all – несмотря на, вопреки, при (всем)…, чтобы… не…; for one – со своей стороны; for one thing – во-первых, прежде всего; but for – если бы не.

1. Collectively, emerging economies have run a current-account surplus for six consecutive years, having been in deficit for most of the previous 20.

2. All this is bad news for auto makers who were counting on emerging markets like Brazil to re up profits in the coming decades.

3. For one thing, the euro area’s exports to America amount to only 2.5% of its GDP, so even a sharp fall in American imports would have a limited impact on Europe’s overall output.

4. For all the breathless headlines, Europe’s leaders are a long way from a deal on how to save the euro.

5. This matters for Russia and also for the world. For not only is Russia one of the two largest oil producers in the world, it is also one of the largest exporters, at nearly five million barrels a day.

6. But for the immediate future workers in the rich world still seem to have the best prospects.

7. For all its shortcomings, the euro still accounts for a quarter of the world’s reserves.

8. And that is one reason to be more optimistic about the outcome. For private firms possess one trait identified as an ingredient of success: technique.

Exercise №6

Since – в качестве союза переводится на русский язык: 1) поскольку, так как; 2) с тех пор как, после этого (того); в качестве предлога – с, со времени и т.д.

1. This may bring down electricity prices since much is generated from gas.

2. Since Daimler-Benz swallowed Chrysler in 1998, it has brought the struggling American carmaker to the verge of recovery three times, only to see the patient repeatedly relapse.

3. And since the banking system is still dominated by the government, the banks will not refuse to offer new loans, even if old loans sour.

4. The period since the 2008-2009 financial and economic crisis now appear to be a prolonged hangover, with productivity stalling as Britain struggles to rebalance output towards to more sustainable activities.

5. Since 2001, with the aid of computers, telecommunications advances, and more efficient plant operations, U.S. manufacturing productivity has soared 24%.

6. These figures understate the problem, since they include not only newly discovered oil, but also oil acquired through takeovers and purchases.

7. The main reason for the increase in America’s trade deficit with China is that since joining the WTO in 2001, China has become an attractive place in which to assemble goods that were previously made elsewhere in Asia.

8. Most studies have found that trade explains only a small part of the increase in income inequality in America since the 1980s.