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To that end he expanded the park in December 1799 to encompass…
Werneck's improvements had been costly and in 1804 he…
His long supervision of the garden (1804–1823) was…
In the second world war, bombing damaged the Monopteros and destroyed…
Transport too has harmed the character of the garden, most notably with the…
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Creation
Autumn foliage in English Garden
When the Elector of Bavaria Maximilian III Joseph, the last Wittelsbach ruler, died childless in 1777, the land passed to the Electorate of the Palatinate archduke and elector Carl Theodor. The new ruler preferred his home in Mannheim and tried unsuccessfully to trade this unwanted inheritance for the Austrian Netherlands. Understandably the people of Munich returned his dislike. In this unhappy atmosphere, Carl Theodor devoted much attention to improvements in the city. Among other things, he created an art gallery in the northern arcades of the Residence's Hofgarten and made both the garden and the gallery open to the public.
The Rumford Monument in the park honours Thompson's contribution
A
s
the Hofgarten was the only public park in Munich, there was a clear
need for something new; but this was not the primary motivation for
the creation of the English Garden. Rather it was part of a series of
military reforms being pursued under the guidance of Sir Benjamin
Thompson,
who would later be made Count Rumford and Bavarian war minister. Born
in Massachusetts,
Thompson had served on the English side in the American
Revolutionary War and
after the British defeat had moved to Europe, where in 1784 he had
entered Carl Theodor's service. In
1788 Thompson proposed that in peacetime the majority of soldiers
should be given leave to do other, civilian, work, such as farming
and gardening. In
February 1789, Carl Theodor decreed that military gardens should be
laid out in each garrison city. The gardens were meant to provide the
soldiers with good agricultural knowledge and serve as recreation
areas, but they were also supposed to be accessible to the public.
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