2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What does the complex technological structure of modern civilization require?

2. What are the main characteristics which standards must have?

3. What is the role of standards?

4. What are the four standards basic to various measuring systems?

5. Are man-made standards adequate for science and technology?

Вариант 4

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

TAKING CARE OF MEASUREMENT TOOLS

1. All measurement tools deserve the same respect and care. Tools should always be kept clean, and parts being measured should be cleaned before any attempt is made to measure them. Dirt will cause errors in measurements. Measurement tools should also be checked frequently for accuracy; preferably each time they are used. In addition, an effort should be made to ensure that the right instruments are selected for the right job. Precision instruments should be treated with the utmost respect and finesse. Moreover, no attempt should be made to use them for anything other than what they are intended for.

2. Each tool should have a place and every tool should be in its place. Avoid storing them on top of each other. Folding rules should be stored in the folded position. Rigid rules should be stored flat or hung on hooks. Simple calipers should be hung on hooks or stored in boxes. Precision instruments should all be kept in their protective boxes when they are not in use on the job.

3. Calibration is a procedure that is used to restore an instrument's accuracy; the more sophisticated it is, the more often it has to be checked. Some measurement tools (micrometers, dial indicators, calipers) lose their accuracy through repeated use; others rarely do (rules, tapes, and feeler gauges). Not all measurement tools can be calibrated. Those that cannot are usually disposed of when they lose their accuracy. Precision instruments will, almost always, need some kind of adjustment during their life time. Precision instruments should undergo periodic inspection even if they have not been used. In general, however, these instruments will rarely need adjustment if they are properly cared for. When abused or misused, frequent adjustments are necessary.

2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What do all measurements deserve?

2. What will dirt do in measurements?

3. Where should all precision instruments be kept in when they are not in use or the job?

4. What is calibration?

5. Can all measurement tools be calibrated?

Вариант 5

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

COMMON MEASURING TOOLS

1. Measurement tools fall under two categories: tools that are used to obtain rough measurements (tapes, rules, gauges), and instruments that are used to determine precise measurements (feeler gauges, micrometers, dial indicators). It is important that the person understands the difference; and, he knows when it is appropriate to employ a coarse tool or use a precision instrument.

2. All measurement tools deserve the same respect and care. Coarse measurement tools are just as important as precision instruments. Taking care of measurement tools is not really that difficult. It requires nothing more than a little training and the development of good habits. Hand tools are all susceptible to damage, rust, wear, and other things that can cause them to fail in their function and reduce the accuracy of the measurement. Precision tools are generally sturdy but they do require careful handling and proper care. A light film of oil will protect tools from rust. Keeping measurement tools in good order can be easily achieved if the person uses a little common sense and learns some simple rules on tool usage, storage, calibration; and, then follows the rules.

3. The first rule to observe when using measurement tools is: Never lay them on the ground where someone might accidentally step on them. Avoid rough handling and dropping tools. If a tool is dropped, check it for damage and calibration. Another basic rule, although seemingly unimportant, is to wipe your hands before picking up the instrument. Dirt and grime on the hands can get into the grooves of the tools. Tools should always be kept clean, and parts being measured should be cleaned before any attempt is made to measure them. Dirt will cause errors in measurements.