2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What did the word engine originally mean?

2. What is one of the main problems engines present?

3. What is flexibility of the engine?

4. Do the designers work at the engine reliability?

5. What engines do you know?

Вариант 2

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

THE DIESEL ENGINE

1. In 1890s, Rudolf Diesel, a German, invented the engine that bears his name. As distinguished from gasoline engines diesels have no ignition system fed with electricity. The fuel is ignited simply by contact with very hot air in the cylinder. The operation performed is like this: when taken in the cylinder the air is highly compressed, the temperature rises so the heated fuel-air mixture burns. The higher the pressure, the higher is the temperature. Besides the compressed mixture produced more power than that uncompressed.

2. Diesel engines power many of the used vehicles and other equipment. They are usually used in cases where engine weight is not a prime factor. Their advantage is that they are simple in design and use much heavier liquid fuels than gasoline engines. The cost of a heavier fuel is much less than that of a light one. Besides the fuel consumption of a diesel is much less than that of gasoline engines. Although applied for many purposes diesel engines have certain disadvantages.

3. Their weight is more than that of a gasoline engine of the same power and it occupies much space. The disadvantages of diesels as passenger-car engines are slow performance, noise and smoke.

4. All the companies investigating diesels are trying to reduce noise and smoke, but the problems are not yet entirely solved. Diesel engines clatter when started on a cold morning. And the warm-up period for all diesels seems too long to drivers accustomed to gasoline models.

2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. Who invented the diesel engine?

2. Do diesel engines have ignition system fed with electricity?

3. How is the fuel ignited in the diesel engine?

4. What is the operation performed?

5. What is the advantage of diesel engines?

Вариант 3

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

TOMORROW'S TRANSPORT

1. What will cities of the future look like? Town planners are thinking of new methods of construction and transportation. What will city transport be like in 20 or 30 years? The moving pavement is one possibility. It consists of several strips (полоса) moving along at different speeds. These escalators are moving in both directions along all streets. On reaching his destination the passenger steps over the slower strip and there to terra firma. For convenience these moving pavements may be supplied with chairs, benches, vending machines selling soft drinks, ice-cream, candy and so on. The first lines of such moving pavements should appear in the streets which have the heaviest traffic and are the most dangerous for pedestrians. In the beginning they will replace the older forms of city traffic only in certain streets, but then they will appear in a single system serving the centre of the city. Buses, trolley-buses and motor-cars will be forced out as the trams are forced out of the centre of many cities now.

2. What will the car of the future be like? It probably won't be red. Our response to colours isn't always the same. If you want people to stop when they see a car in front of them, yellow is probably the best. When you go for a drive in the car of tomorrow you will certainly know more about the road n front of you. Your car radio will tell you about the next corner before you can see it. It will pick this up from a wire under the road. When you stop quickly, the light that tells the man behind you to be careful will spread across the car. At the same time a bag in front of you will fill up with air to гор you hitting your head on the window. What will the car of the future run on? Not petrol, which is dirty and noisy. In future we'll probably have electric cars. As a rule the electric car can only make a short journey before ping back to the garage. Or steam cars. That too would be quiet and clean. But in England there is a farmer who has invented a car that runs on manure and he drives to London in it every week.