Vocabulary:

1. fission – расщепление

2. to induce - порождать

3. to yield – вырабатывать

4. to withstand – выдерживать

5. fusion – слияние

6. to ensure - гарантировать

7. disposal – контроль, право распоряжаться

1.3.14 Safety Engineering

1. Do you know what safety engineering deals with?

2. Is the branch of safety engineering connected with other fields of engineering?

This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. In recent years safety engineering has become a specialty adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers in hazardous¹ occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce the amount of accidents. In the design of machinery, for example, the safety engineer seeks to cover all moving parts or keep them from accidental contact with the operator, to put cutoff switches within reach of the operator, and to eliminate² dangerous projecting parts. In designing roads the safety engineer seeks to avoid such hazards as sharp turns and blind intersections, known to result in traffic accidents. Many large industrial and construction firms, and insurance³ companies engaged in⁴ the field of workers compensation, today maintain safety engineering departments.

Vocabulary:

1) hazardous – опасный

2) eliminate – устранять

3) insurance – страхование

4) to be engaged in – быть вовлеченным

1.3.15 Sanitary Engineering

1. Prove that the field of sanitary engineering deals with the environment protection.

2. If you are given the right to develop the program of sewage and other wastes recycling what ideas will your project contain?

This is a branch of civil engineering, but because of its great importance for a healthy environment, especially in dense urban population areas¹, it has acquired the importance of a specialized field. It chiefly deals with problems involving water supply, treatment, and distribution; disposal of community wastes and reclamation² of useful components of such wastes; control of pollution of surface waterways, groundwater's, and soils; milk and food sanitation³; housing and institutional sanitation; rural⁴ sanitation; insect and vermin⁵ control; control of atmospheric pollution; industrial hygiene, including control of light, noise, vibration, and toxic materials in work areas; and other fields concerned with the control of environmental factors affecting health. The methods used for supplying communities with pure water and for the disposal of sewage and other wastes are described separately.

Vocabulary:

1) dense urban population areas – густонаселенные городские районы

2) reclamation – восстановление

3) sanitation – санитария

4) rural – сельский

5) vermin – вредители, паразиты

1.4 Are the following statements true or false?

1. Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature.

2. Paraprofessionals apply medical skills to biological problems.

3. Military engineering involve such work as providing facilities for living, irrigation and roads building.

4. The National Academy of Engineering was founded in 1959.

5. Civil engineering is connected with the environment protection.

6. Electronic engineering deals with the design of civil facilities and research of soils structure.