Vocabulary:

1) foremost – в первую очередь

2) pursue – следовать

3) to regard – рассматривать

4) realm – область

1.3.8 Geological and Mining Engineering

1. What activities does this branch of engineering include?

2. What special and professional knowledge does a mining engineer have to require?

This branch of engineering includes activities related to the discovery and exploration of mineral deposits and the financing, construction, development, operation, recovery¹, processing, purification², and marketing of crude³ minerals and mineral products. The mining engineer is trained in historical geology, mineralogy, paleontology, and geophysics, and employs such tools as the seismograph and the magnetometer for the location of ore or petroleum deposits beneath⁴ the surface of the earth. The surveying and drawing of geological maps and sections is an important part of the work of the engineering geologist, who is also responsible for determining whether the geological structure of a given location is suitable for the building of such large structures as dams.

Vocabulary:

1) recovery – восстановление

2) purification – очищение

3) crude – необработанный

4) beneath – внизу, под

1.3.9 Industrial or Management Engineering

1. What does a modern engineer of this field deal with?

This field deals with the efficient use of machinery, labor, and raw materials in industrial production. It is particularly important from the viewpoint of costs and economics of production and safety of human operators.

1.3.10 Mechanical Engineering

1. Read the following texts dealing with the problems of Military Engineering, Naval or Marine Engineering and Nuclear Engineering.

2. Do these fields of engineering have any trends in common

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must be fully grounded in such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of the complexity of modern mechanical engineering is the design of an automobile, which entails¹ not only the design of the engine that drives the car but also all its attendant² accessories such as the steering³ and braking systems, the lighting system, the gearing⁴ by which the engine's power is delivered to the wheels, the controls, and the body, including such details as the door latches⁵ and the type of seat upholstery⁶.

Vocabulary:

1) to entail – включать в себя, определять

2) attendant – дополнительный

3) steering – управление

4) gearing – зажигание

5) latch – замок

6) seat upholstery – обивка сидения