6.6 Study the following definition of the words profession, occupation and job.

Try to give information about you future profession, future plans and career.

Discuss the following problems in group:

- choosing а career is sometimes very difficult.

- teaching is а demanding career.

- should all careers be open to women?

- it is often difficult for women to combine а career and а family.

Career differs from profession, occupation and job in that it often means more than simply а sphere of activity or а way of earning one's living. It implies advancement, gradual promotion to more difficult and/or responsible work, and is therefore used only of those occupations where this is possible. Note that it does not generally have the derogatory connotation sometimes present in the Russian word карьера.

Career is also used in the sense of professional/creative activity or life.

e.g. Mendeleev began his career as a chemist.

Could you explain the difference between ‘a learner’ and ‘a student’?

What is to be a mature student?

Learner

This word is sometimes used in а collective sense. More often, however, it is qualified, as in the following examples:

- Michael is а quick learner.

- this is а good method for slow learners.

- the Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (title of а dictionary by А. S. Hornby).

- young Teachers and Reluctant Learners.

Student

In traditional British English this word denotes а young person studying at university or college (а university/college student). There is, however, а growing tendency, of American origin, to call anyone attending an educational institution (including schools) а student.

e.g. At the age of 15-16 students take their first public examination.

There has been а Union of School Students in England for some years. In England this use of student is still mainly confined to secondary school pupils, but is gradually extending to the primary stage, too, following American usage.

Note too that even in traditional British English student is а wider term than the Russian студент in another respect, since it includes those who already have a degree or diploma and are pursuing some further course of study, either full-time or part-time. For example, those people who give up their job and go back to university or college to improve their qualifications become students again for the duration of their course. Adults attending evening classes, even recreational ones, are also students while they are at their classes. Those doing full-time research are students too, although not simply students, but postgraduate students.

The term mature student is used in some institutions of а person who starts а full-time course at university or college after some years in а job, in contrast to the majority, who start immediately after leaving school.

Thus the word student may be applied to anyone who is studying, regardless of age, qualifications and level of study.

6.7 Translation of terms and abbreviations connected with academic studies and scientific research work

(перевод терминов, связанных с учебной и научной работой)

1. Студенты - students

Студент, не имеющий степени бакалавра или диплома инженера - Undergraduate Student

Первокурсник - Freshman

Второкурсник – Sophomore

Третьекурсник - Junior

Старшекурсник, студент последнего курса - Senior

Магистрант - Graduate Student

Аспирант - Postgraduate Student, Doctoral Student

Докторант - Postdoctoral Student

Студент (магистрант, аспирант), ведущий педагогическую работу - Student Teaching Assistant

Общее количество студентов - Total Enrollment.

Выпускник(и) - Graduate (s), Alumnus (Alumni)

Выпускница(ы) - Alumna (Alumnae)

Студенты, перешедшие из другого вуза, с другой специальности) - Transfer Students

Вечерники (заочники) - Evening (Correspondent) Students

Дневники - Full Time Students