Vocabulary:

1) to adopt – принимать

2) approach – подход

3) legal – общепринятый

4) behavioral – поведенческий

5) sequence – последовательность

6) to determine – определять

7) widespread – широко распространенный

8) trend – тенденция, общее направление

9) enormous – огромный

10) to encourage – вдохновлять

Give English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:

1. получать, приобретать

2. крупномаштабный

3. эффективный

4. вспомогательные средства

5. область действия

6. подход

7. последовательность

8. широко распространенный

Give English definition for the following:

1. engineering

2. engineer

3. subprofessional (paraprofessional)

4. military engineering

5. modern engineering

6. the systems approach

7. time-study engineering

8.The National Academy of Engineering

Text 1.3 Fields of Engineering

Pre-reading task:

1) You are going to read a set of texts about the main branches of engineering. What branches of engineering do you know?

2) Divide into groups and take part in a round-table discussion of principal branches of engineering.

3) Do you as an up-to-date engineer have a basic knowledge of other engineering fields?

The main branches of engineering are Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electric Power and Machinery, Electronics, Communications and Control, Computers, Geological and Mining Engineering, Industrial or Management Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Military Engineering, Naval or Marine Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Safety Engineering, Sanitary Engineering. The engineer who works in any of these fields usually requires a basic knowledge of the other engineering fields, because most engineering problems are complex and interrelated¹. Thus a chemical engineer designing a plant for the electrolytic refining² of metal ores³ must deal with the design of structures, machinery, and electrical devices, as well as with purely⁴ chemical problems.

Besides the principal branches discussed below, engineering includes many more specialties than can be described here, such as acoustical engineering, architectural engineering automotive engineering, ceramic engineering, transportation engineering, and textile engineering.

Vocabulary:

1) interrelated – взаимосвязанный

2) refining – очищение

3) ore – руда

4) purely – исключительно, вполне

1.3.2 Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering

1. What does aeronautical and aerospace engineering deal with?

2. What supplementary information can you add to characterize this field of engineering?

Aeronautics deals with the whole field of design, manufacture, maintenance¹, testing, and use of aircraft for both civilian² and military purposes³. It involves the knowledge of structural design, propulsion⁴ engines, navigation, communication, and other related areas.

Aerospace engineering is closely allied⁵ to aeronautics, but is concerned⁶ with the flight of vehicles in space, beyond⁷ the earth's atmosphere, and includes the study and development of rocket engines, artificial satellites, and spacecraft for the exploration of outer space.